The Sustainability of Cement Mortar with Raw Sewage Sludge and Rice Husk Ash
Abstract
This study devotes to investigate the use of Raw Sewage Sludge (RSS) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) to obtain sustainable construction materials. This study focuses on the evaluation of using cement-based materials having RSS and RHA. The methodology of this study could be summarized by replacing water by RSS and replacement of 10 %RHA from the weight of cement. Five groups have been used with different ratios of RSS/binder; for each group with and without RHA. In addition, the sand/binder ratio has been changed for Group 2. This method includes testing the flowability, compressive strength, Total Water Absorption (TWA) and density for the mortar mixes containing these materials. The results indicate that mixes with added materials encourage the results compared to control mixes. Addition of RHA considerably decreases flowability; however it enhanced compressive strength for all groups especially for Groups 3, 4 and 5. Moreover, the minimum values of TWA were recorded when 10% RHA was utilized as a cement replacement for both RSS and water mixes. Finally, it was found that replacing RSS by water, leads to the reduction in flowability and TWA in all mixes especially at 10% RHA; whereas the strength and density increase.
Keywords
References
Siddika, Ayesha, Md. Abdullah Al. Mamun, and Md. Hedayet Ali. “Study on Concrete with Rice Husk Ash.” Innovative Infrastructure Solutions 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2018). doi:10.1007/s41062-018-0127-6.
Zemke, N., and Woods, J. Using Rice Husk Ash, California Polytechnic State University, (2009), USA.
Tchobanoglous, George, Franklin L. Burton, and H. David Stensel. "Metcalf & Eddy wastewater engineering: treatment and reuse." International Edition. McGrawHill 4 (2003): 361-411.
WASTE. Sewage Sludge, Available online: https://wasteonline.org.uk/resources/Wasteguide/mn_wastetypes_sewageslud ge.html/ (accessed on 1 May 2019).
Hamood, Alaa, Jamal M. Khatib, and Craig Williams. “The Effectiveness of Using Raw Sewage Sludge (RSS) as a Water Replacement in Cement Mortar Mixes Containing Unprocessed Fly Ash (u-FA).” Construction and Building Materials 147 (August 2017): 27–34. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.159.
Hamood, Alaa. "Sustainable Utilisation of Raw Sewage Sludge (RSS) as a Water Replacement in Cement-Based Materials Containing Unprocessed Fly Ash." (2014).
Alwan, Jassim Atiya. "Evaluation Some Properties of NanoMetakaolin or Rice Husk Ash Cement Mortar and its Resistance to Elevated Temperature." Journal of University of Babylon 24, no. 4 (2016): 840-854.
Zhang, Min-Hong, and V. Mohan Malhotra. “High-Performance Concrete Incorporating Rice Husk Ash as a Supplementary Cementing Material.” ACI Materials Journal 93 (1996): 629-636. doi:10.14359/9870.
Ramezanianpour, Ali A., E. Ghiasvand, I. Nickseresht, M. Mahdikhani, and F. Moodi. “Influence of Various Amounts of Limestone Powder on Performance of Portland Limestone Cement Concretes.” Cement and Concrete Composites 31, no. 10 (November 2009): 715–720. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.08.003.
Sudisht Mishra and Deodhar, S. "Effect of Rice Husk Ash on Cement Mortar -and Concrete".Principal SSVPS BSD College of Engineering, Dhule, (2012).
Jaya, Ramadhansyah Putra, Mohd Ibrahim Mohd Yusak, Mohd Rosli Hainin, Nordiana Mashros, Muhammad Naqiuddin Mohd Warid, Mohamad Idris Ali, and Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim. “Physical and Chemical Properties of Cement with Nano Black Rice Husk Ash.” Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: Nano-SciTech (2019). doi:10.1063/1.5124654.
Muthadhi, A., and S. Kothandaraman. “Optimum Production Conditions for Reactive Rice Husk Ash.” Materials and Structures 43, no. 9 (January 22, 2010): 1303–1315. doi:10.1617/s11527-010-9581-0.
Bouzoubaâ, N., M.H. Zhang, A. Bilodeau, and V.M. Malhotra. “The Effect of Grinding on the Physical Properties of Fly Ashes and a Portland cement Clinker.” Cement and Concrete Research 27, no. 12 (December 1997): 1861–1874. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(97)00194-4.
Houston, W. Robert, and Robert B. Howsam. "Competency-Based Teacher Education; Progress, Problems, and Prospects." (1972).
Mehta, N. ' Properties of Concrete', 3rd Edition, USA, (1992).
Iraqi Standard. “Portland Cement – IOS 5”. Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control, Ministry of Planning, 1984.
American Society for Testing and Materials, C778-87, “Standard Specification for Standard Sand”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 4(1), (1989): 333-334.
BSI. BS EN 998-2: “Specification for Mortar for Masonry”, Part 2. (2003). doi:10.3403/02918906u.
ASTM, C. "230, Standard specification for flow table for use in tests of hydraulic cement." West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International (2008).
BSI. "BS EN 196-1: 2005: Methods of testing cement. Determination of strength." (2005).
Butalia, T.S., W.E. Wolfe, and J.W. Lee. “Evaluation of a Dry FGD Material as a Flowable Fill.” Fuel 80, no. 6 (May 2001): 845–850. doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(00)00159-9.
Sebök, T., J. Šimonı́k, and K. Kulı́sek. “The Compressive Strength of Samples Containing Fly Ash with High Content of Calcium Sulfate and Calcium Oxide.” Cement and Concrete Research 31, no. 7 (July 2001): 1101–1107. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(01)00506-3.
Su, Nan, and Buquan Miao. “A New Method for the Mix Design of Medium Strength Flowing Concrete with Low Cement Content.” Cement and Concrete Composites 25, no. 2 (February 2003): 215–222. doi:10.1016/s0958-9465(02)00013-6.
Liu, Zhiyong, Yunsheng Zhang, Qian Jiang, Guowen Sun, and Wenhua Zhang. “In Situ Continuously Monitoring the Early Age Microstructure Evolution of Cementitious Materials Using Ultrasonic Measurement.” Construction and Building Materials 25, no. 10 (October 2011): 3998–4005. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.034.
DOI: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091456
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Rawa Shakir Muwashee
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
