Comparison of Meteorological Drought using SPI and SPEI

Shashi Shankar Ojha, Vivekanand Singh, Thendiyath Roshni

Abstract


Drought assessment is crucial for effective water resources management in a river basin. Drought frequency has increased worldwide in recent years due to global warming. In this paper, an attempt is made to assess the meteorological drought in the Punpun river basin, India using two globally accepted drought indices namely, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The SPI and SPEI at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month timescale were obtained to analyze the temporal variability of different drought levels. Correlation analysis of available observed data and gridded data has been carried out and the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.956. Hence gridded rainfall data from the year 1991 to 2020 is used for further analysis. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) used in the calculation of SPEI was computed by the Thornthwaite method. Water deficit was observed throughout as there is a decrease in rainfall and an increase in PET during the selected period. The results show that the period 2004 to 2006 and 2009 to 2010 years are observed as drought periods by both indices for almost all timescale. The intensity and duration of drought have increased after 2004. A negative trend of both the indices have been observed in all seasons on all timescale, which clearly shows a transition from near normal to moderately dry during the selected time period. The highest correlation between both the indices is for the 12-month scale with R² value 0.92 and the RMSE value 0.28. The main outcome of this study is that both SPI and SPEI show a strong correlation on same time scales adopted in this study. The dependency of SPEI on temperature is also observed in this study.

 

Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091783

Full Text: PDF


Keywords


Standardized Precipitation Index; Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index; Thornthwaite Method; Potential Evapotranspiration.

References


Mishra, Ashok K., and Vijay P. Singh. “A Review of Drought Concepts.” Journal of Hydrology 391, no. 1–2 (2010): 202–16. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.012.

McKee, T.B., N.J. Doesken, and Kleist J. “The Relationship of Drought Frequency and Duration to Time Scales.” In Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology, 17-22 January 1993, Anaheim, California, 22:1571–92. Anaheim, CA, USA, 2002.

Vicente-Serrano, Sergio M., Santiago Beguería, and Juan I. López-Moreno. “A Multiscalar Drought Index Sensitive to Global Warming: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index.” Journal of Climate 23, no. 7 (2010): 1696–1718. doi:10.1175/2009JCLI2909.1.

Abdulrazzaq, Zaidoon T., Raghad H. Hasan, and Nadia A. Aziz. “Integrated TRMM Data and Standardized Precipitation Index to Monitor the Meteorological Drought.” Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 7 (2019): 1590–98. doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091355.

Guttman, Nathaniel B. “Accepting the Standardized Precipitation Index: A Calculation Algorithm.” Journal of the American Water Resources Association 35, no. 2 (1999): 311–22. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb03592.x.

Homdee, Tipaporn, Kobkiat Pongput, and Shinjiro Kanae. “A Comparative Performance Analysis of Three Standardized Climatic Drought Indices in the Chi River Basin, Thailand.” Agriculture and Natural Resources 50, no. 3 (2016): 211–19. doi:10.1016/j.anres.2016.02.002.

Harisuseno, Donny. “Meteorological Drought and Its Relationship with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI).” Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1864–1875. doi:10.28991/cej-2020-03091588.

Gao, Xuerui, Qi Zhao, Xining Zhao, Pute Wu, Wenxiang Pan, Xiaodong Gao, and Miao Sun. “Temporal and Spatial Evolution of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) in the Loess Plateau under Climate Change from 2001 to 2050.” Science of the Total Environment 595 (2017): 191–200. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.226.

Himayoun, Dar, and Thendiyath Roshni. “Spatio-Temporal Variation of Drought Characteristics, Water Resource Availability and the Relation of Drought with Large Scale Climate Indices: A Case Study of Jhelum Basin, India.” Quaternary International 525 (2019): 140–50. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.07.018.

Liu, Changhong, Cuiping Yang, Qi Yang, and Jiao Wang. “Spatiotemporal Drought Analysis by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) in Sichuan Province, China.” Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80527-3.

Caloiero, Tommaso, Giulio Nils Caroletti, and Roberto Coscarelli. “IMERG-Based Meteorological Drought Analysis over Italy.” Climate 9, no. 4 (2021): 65. doi:10.3390/cli9040065.

Kavianpour, Mohammadreza, Mohammadreza Seyedabadi, Saber Moazami, and Omid Aminoroayaie Yamini. “Copula Based Spatial Analysis of Drought Return Period in Southwest of Iran.” Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering 64, no. 4 (2020): 1051–63. doi:10.3311/PPci.16301.

Alsubih, Majed, Javed Mallick, Swapan Talukdar, Roquia Salam, Saeed AlQadhi, Md Abdul Fattah, and Nguyen Viet Thanh. “An Investigation of the Short-Term Meteorological Drought Variability over Asir Region of Saudi Arabia.” Theoretical and Applied Climatology 145, no. 1–2 (2021): 597–617. doi:10.1007/s00704-021-03647-4.

Mohammed, Safwan, Karam Alsafadi, Talal Al-Awadhi, Youssef Sherief, Endre Harsanyie, and Ahmed M. El Kenawy. “Space and Time Variability of Meteorological Drought in Syria.” Acta Geophysica 68, no. 6 (2020): 1877–98. doi:10.1007/s11600-020-00501-5.

Sinha, Subha, V. Singh, and M. Jakhanwal. "Rainfall runoff modelling of Punpun river basin using ANN: a case study." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Social Sciences 5, no. 5 (2015): 32-49.

Bhunia, Prasenjit, Pritha Das, and Ramkrishna Maiti. “Meteorological Drought Study Through SPI in Three Drought Prone Districts of West Bengal, India.” Earth Systems and Environment 4, no. 1 (2020): 43–55. doi:10.1007/s41748-019-00137-6.

Ndlovu, Minenhle Siphesihle, and Molla Demlie. “Assessment of Meteorological Drought and Wet Conditions Using Two Drought Indices across Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa.” Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (2020): 623. doi:10.3390/atmos11060623.

Kumar, Keshav, Vivekanand Singh, and Thendiyath Roshni. “Efficacy of Hybrid Neural Networks in Statistical Downscaling of Precipitation of the Bagmati River Basin.” Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 4 (2020): 1302–22. doi:10.2166/wcc.2019.259.

Stonestrom, David A., Bridget R. Scanlon, and Lu Zhang. “Introduction to Special Section on Impacts of Land Use Change on Water Resources.” Water Resources Research 45, no. 7 (2009). doi:10.1029/2009WR007937.

Mohammed, Safwan, Karam Alsafadi, Talal Al-Awadhi, Youssef Sherief, Endre Harsanyie, and Ahmed M. El Kenawy. “Space and Time Variability of Meteorological Drought in Syria.” Acta Geophysica 68, no. 6 (2020): 1877–98. doi:10.1007/s11600-020-00501-5.

Krishna Kumar, K., K. Rupa Kumar, R. G. Ashrit, N. R. Deshpande, and J. W. Hansen. “Climate Impacts on Indian Agriculture.” International Journal of Climatology 24, no. 11 (2004): 1375–93. doi:10.1002/joc.1081.

Adla, S., and S. Tripathi. “Investigating Decadal Variation in Hydrological Characteristics of an Agricultural River Basin Using SWAT Model.” 22nd International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering, (2017).

Abbasian, Mohammad Sadegh, Mohammad Reza Najafi, and Ahmad Abrishamchi. “Increasing Risk of Meteorological Drought in the Lake Urmia Basin under Climate Change: Introducing the Precipitation–Temperature Deciles Index.” Journal of Hydrology 592, no. 125586 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125586.

Mahmood, Rashid, Mukand S. Babel, and Shaofeng Jia. “Assessment of Temporal and Spatial Changes of Future Climate in the Jhelum River Basin, Pakistan and India.” Weather and Climate Extremes 10 (2015): 40–55. doi:10.1016/j.wace.2015.07.002.

Pai, D. S., M. Rajeevan, O. P. Sreejith, B. Mukhopadhyay, and N. S. Satbha. "Development of a new high spatial resolution (0.25× 0.25) long period (1901-2010) daily gridded rainfall data set over India and its comparison with existing data sets over the region." Mausam 65, no. 1 (2014): 1-18.

Srivastava, A. K., M. Rajeevan, and S. R. Kshirsagar. “Development of a High Resolution Daily Gridded Temperature Data Set (1969-2005) for the Indian Region.” Atmospheric Science Letters 10, no. 4 (2009): 249–54. doi:10.1002/asl.232.

Sireesha, Cheekati, Thendiyath Roshni, and Madan K. Jha. “Insight into the Precipitation Behavior of Gridded Precipitation Data in the Sina Basin.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 192, no. 11 (2020). doi:10.1007/s10661-020-08687-3.

Mouatadid, Soukayna, Nawin Raj, Ravinesh C. Deo, and Jan F. Adamowski. “Input Selection and Data-Driven Model Performance Optimization to Predict the Standardized Precipitation and Evaporation Index in a Drought-Prone Region.” Atmospheric Research 212 (2018): 130–49. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.05.012.

RStudio Team. “RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA”; (2020) Available online: https://www.rstudio.com/ (accessed on March 2021).

Subramanya. K., “Engineering Hydrology”, Third Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. New Delhi, India, (2103).


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091783

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2021 Thendiyath Roshni

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
x
Message