Shear Strength Models for Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams: Current Scenario
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): February
Review Articles
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This review paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of various studies conducted on the shear strength of Self-compacting Concrete (SCC) and Normally Vibrated Concrete (NVC) in order to determine the sustainability and affordability of SCC as a construction material. Compaction is the main factor in concrete production. NVC needs compaction and vibration to remove the entrapped air which is both expensive and time-consuming. But SCC has flow ability and passing ability. Although SCC takes a greater amount of paste content, thereby raising the cost of building material, yet the use of such waste material as fly ash, silica, etc. comes in handy as paste content. Thus, the advantages offered by SCC in terms of increased strength as well as cost reduction makes it a highly desirable construction material. The review has selected the works of some eminent scholars on concrete and has analyzed them through individual as well as comparative perspective. A close analysis has helped filter out relevant works for the current study. This process of selection has proved helpful to include most standard works available in the review. Major findings have been enlisted at the end and ways to improve concrete behaviour have been suggested.
Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091661
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Singh, R., & Singh, H. (2021). Shear Strength Models for Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams: Current Scenario. Civil Engineering Journal, 7(2), 399–406. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091661
[1] Al-Musawi, Abeer A., Afrah A. H. Alwanas, Sinan Q. Salih, Zainab Hasan Ali, Minh Tung Tran, and Zaher Mundher Yaseen. "Shear Strength of SFRCB without Stirrups Simulation: Implementation of Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Model.” Engineering with Computers 36, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s00366-018-0681-8.
[2] Bousselham, Abdelhak, and Omar Chaallal. "Mechanisms of Shear Resistance of Concrete Beams Strengthened in Shear with Externally Bonded FRP.” Journal of Composites for Construction 12, no. 5 (October 2008): 499–512. doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-0268(2008)12:5(499).
[3] Ashour, Ashraf F., and Ilker Fatih Kara. "Size Effect on Shear Strength of FRP Reinforced Concrete Beams.” Composites Part B: Engineering 60 (April 2014): 612–620. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.002.
[4] Singh, Harvinder. "Steel Fibers as the Only Reinforcement in Concrete Slabs: Flexural Response and Design Chart.” Structural Engineering International 25, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 432–441. doi:10.2749/101686615x14355644771090.
[5] Asteris, Panagiotis G., and Konstantinos G. Kolovos. "Self-Compacting Concrete Strength Prediction Using Surrogate Models.” Neural Computing and Applications 31, no. S1 (April 28, 2017): 409–424. doi:10.1007/s00521-017-3007-7.
[6] Tang, C. Y., and K. H. Tan. "Interactive Mechanical Model for Shear Strength of Deep Beams.” Journal of Structural Engineering 130, no. 10 (October 2004): 1534–1544. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2004)130:10(1534).
[7] Lee, Deuck Hang, Sun-Jin Han, Kang Su Kim, and James M. LaFave. "Shear Capacity of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams.” Structural Concrete 18, no. 2 (February 26, 2017): 278–291. doi:10.1002/suco.201600104.
[8] Yapa, Hiran D., and Janet M. Lees. "Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP Straps.” Journal of Composites for Construction 18, no. 1 (February 2014): 04013032. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000416.
[9] Alam, M. S., and A. Hussein. "Effect of Member Depth on Shear Strength of High-Strength Fiber-Reinforced Polymer–Reinforced Concrete Beams.” Journal of Composites for Construction 16, no. 2 (April 2012): 119–126. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000248.
[10] American Concrete Institute (ACI440.1R-06). Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars. Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA: American Concrete Institute; 2006.
[11] Monserrat López, Andrea, Pedro Fco. Miguel Sosa, José Luis Bonet Senach, and Miguel íngel Fernández Prada. "Experimental Study of Shear Strength in Continuous Reinforced Concrete Beams with and Without Shear Reinforcement.” Engineering Structures 220 (October 2020): 110967. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110967.
[12] Hwang, Soo-Duck, Kamal H. Khayat, and Olivier Bonneau. "Performance-based specifications of self-consolidating concrete used in structural applications." ACI Materials Journal 103, no. 2 (March 2006): 121.
[13] Gesoğlu, Mehmet, Erhan Güneyisi, and Erdoğan Özbay. "Properties of Self-Compacting Concretes Made with Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Cementitious Blends of Fly Ash, Blast Furnace Slag, and Silica Fume.” Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 5 (May 2009): 1847–1854. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.09.015.
[14] El-Sayed, Ahmed K., and Khaled Soudki. "Evaluation of Shear Design Equations of Concrete Beams with FRP Reinforcement.” Journal of Composites for Construction 15, no. 1 (February 2011): 9–20. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000158.
[15] Iqbal, Shahid, Ahsan Ali, Klaus Holschemacher, Thomas A. Bier, and Abid A. Shah. "Strengthening of RC Beams Using Steel Fiber Reinforced High Strength Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete (SHLSCC) and Their Strength Predictions.” Materials & Design 100 (June 2016): 37–46. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.015.
[16] Voo, Yen Lei, Wai Keat Poon, and Stephen J. Foster. "Shear Strength of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Ultrahigh- Performance Concrete Beams Without Stirrups.” Journal of Structural Engineering 136, no. 11 (November 2010): 1393–1400. doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0000234.
[17] Gao, Danying, and Changhui Zhang. "Shear Strength Calculating Model of FRP Bar Reinforced Concrete Beams Without Stirrups.” Engineering Structures 221 (October 2020): 111025. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111025.
[18] Monserrat López, Andrea, Pedro Fco. Miguel Sosa, José Luis Bonet Senach, and Miguel íngel Fernández Prada. "Experimental Study of Shear Strength in Continuous Reinforced Concrete Beams with and Without Shear Reinforcement.” Engineering Structures 220 (October 2020): 110967. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110967.
[19] Fernández Ruiz, M., A. Muttoni, and J. Sagaseta. "Shear Strength of Concrete Members without Transverse Reinforcement: A Mechanical Approach to Consistently Account for Size and Strain Effects.” Engineering Structures 99 (September 2015): 360–372. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.05.007.
[20] Singh, Harvinder. "Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete.” Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering (2017): 172. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2507-5.
[21] Yacob, Noor S., Mohamed A. ElGawady, Lesley H. Sneed, and Aly Said. "Shear Strength of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Reinforced Concrete Beams.” Engineering Structures 196 (October 2019): 109298. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109298.
[22] Mohammed, Tarek Uddin, Kamal Hossain Shikdar, and M.A. Awal. "Shear Strength of RC Beam Made with Recycled Brick Aggregate.” Engineering Structures 189 (June 2019): 497–508. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.03.093.
[23] American Concrete Institute (ACI440.1R-06). Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars. Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA: American Concrete Institute, (2006).
[24] Asteris, Panagiotis G., and Konstantinos G. Kolovos. "Self-Compacting Concrete Strength Prediction Using Surrogate Models.” Neural Computing and Applications 31, no. S1 (April 28, 2017): 409–424. doi:10.1007/s00521-017-3007-7.
[25] Code, Euro. "2, Design of concrete structures-Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings, BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004." British Standards (BSi) (2004).
[26] ACI Committee 318-95, "Review of Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-95) and Commentary (ACI 318R-95) by ACI Committee 318.” Journal of Architectural Engineering 2, no. 3 (September 1996): 120–120. doi:10.1061/(asce)1076-0431(1996)2:3(120.3).
[27] Canadian Standards Association (CSA). "Design of concrete standards for buildings.” CAN3-A23.3, Rexdale, Ontario, Canada. (2004).
[28] ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, (2014).
[29] Canadian Standards Association (CAN/CSA S806-02). "Design and Construction of Building Components with Fibre Reinforced Polymers.” Rexdale, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Standards Association, (2002).
[30] JSCE 2010 Concrete Committee. "Standard Specifications for Concrete Structures”2007." Japan Society of Civil Engineers: Tokyo, Japan (2010).
[31] ACI Committee 318. "Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-05). American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, (1999).
[32] ACI Committee 318. "Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-56).” ACI Journal Proceedings 59, no. 12 (1962). doi:10.14359/7970.
[33] Canadian Standards Association (CAN/CSA S806-02). "Design and Construction of Building Components with Fibrebre Reinforced Polymers.” Rexdale, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Standards Association, 2004.
[34] Zararis, Prodromos D. "Shear strength and minimum shear reinforcement of reinforced concrete slender beams." Structural Journal 100, no. 2 (March 2003): 203-214.
[35] Arslan, Güray. "Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Stirrups.” Materials and Structures 41, no. 1 (February 28, 2007): 113–122. doi:10.1617/s11527-007-9223-3.
[36] Russo, Gaetano, Denis Mitri, and Margherita Pauletta. "Shear Strength Design Formula for RC Beams with Stirrups.” Engineering Structures 51 (June 2013): 226–235. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.01.024.
[37] Campione, G., A. Monaco, and G. Minafò. "Shear Strength of High-Strength Concrete Beams: Modeling and Design Recommendations.” Engineering Structures 69 (June 2014): 116–122. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.02.029.
[38] Weng, C. C., S. I. Yen, and C. C. Chen. "Shear Strength of Concrete-Encased Composite Structural Members.” Journal of Structural Engineering 127, no. 10 (October 2001): 1190–1197. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2001)127:10(1190).
[39] Liu, Ruifen, and Chris P. Pantelides. "Shear Capacity of Concrete Slabs Reinforced with Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars Using the Modified Compression Field Theory.” PCI Journal 57, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 83–99. doi:10.15554/pcij.06012012.83.99.
[40] Choi, Kyoung-Kyu, Woo-Chang Sim, Jong-Chan Kim, and Hong-Gun Park. "Maximum Shear Strength of Slender RC Beams with Rectangular Cross Sections.” Journal of Structural Engineering 141, no. 7 (July 2015): 04014184. doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001156.
[41] Singh, Harvinder. "Flexural Modelling of Steel-Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Member with Conventional Tensile Rebars.” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 169, no. 1 (January 2016): 54–66. doi:10.1680/stbu.14.00054.
[42] Singh, Harvinder. "Steel Fibers as the Only Reinforcement in Concrete Slabs: Flexural Response and Design Chart.” Structural Engineering International 25, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 432–441. doi:10.2749/101686615x14355644771090.
[43] Code, Euro. "2, Design of concrete structures-Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings, BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004." British Standards (BSi) (2004).
[2] Bousselham, Abdelhak, and Omar Chaallal. "Mechanisms of Shear Resistance of Concrete Beams Strengthened in Shear with Externally Bonded FRP.” Journal of Composites for Construction 12, no. 5 (October 2008): 499–512. doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-0268(2008)12:5(499).
[3] Ashour, Ashraf F., and Ilker Fatih Kara. "Size Effect on Shear Strength of FRP Reinforced Concrete Beams.” Composites Part B: Engineering 60 (April 2014): 612–620. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.002.
[4] Singh, Harvinder. "Steel Fibers as the Only Reinforcement in Concrete Slabs: Flexural Response and Design Chart.” Structural Engineering International 25, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 432–441. doi:10.2749/101686615x14355644771090.
[5] Asteris, Panagiotis G., and Konstantinos G. Kolovos. "Self-Compacting Concrete Strength Prediction Using Surrogate Models.” Neural Computing and Applications 31, no. S1 (April 28, 2017): 409–424. doi:10.1007/s00521-017-3007-7.
[6] Tang, C. Y., and K. H. Tan. "Interactive Mechanical Model for Shear Strength of Deep Beams.” Journal of Structural Engineering 130, no. 10 (October 2004): 1534–1544. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2004)130:10(1534).
[7] Lee, Deuck Hang, Sun-Jin Han, Kang Su Kim, and James M. LaFave. "Shear Capacity of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams.” Structural Concrete 18, no. 2 (February 26, 2017): 278–291. doi:10.1002/suco.201600104.
[8] Yapa, Hiran D., and Janet M. Lees. "Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with CFRP Straps.” Journal of Composites for Construction 18, no. 1 (February 2014): 04013032. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000416.
[9] Alam, M. S., and A. Hussein. "Effect of Member Depth on Shear Strength of High-Strength Fiber-Reinforced Polymer–Reinforced Concrete Beams.” Journal of Composites for Construction 16, no. 2 (April 2012): 119–126. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000248.
[10] American Concrete Institute (ACI440.1R-06). Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars. Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA: American Concrete Institute; 2006.
[11] Monserrat López, Andrea, Pedro Fco. Miguel Sosa, José Luis Bonet Senach, and Miguel íngel Fernández Prada. "Experimental Study of Shear Strength in Continuous Reinforced Concrete Beams with and Without Shear Reinforcement.” Engineering Structures 220 (October 2020): 110967. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110967.
[12] Hwang, Soo-Duck, Kamal H. Khayat, and Olivier Bonneau. "Performance-based specifications of self-consolidating concrete used in structural applications." ACI Materials Journal 103, no. 2 (March 2006): 121.
[13] Gesoğlu, Mehmet, Erhan Güneyisi, and Erdoğan Özbay. "Properties of Self-Compacting Concretes Made with Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Cementitious Blends of Fly Ash, Blast Furnace Slag, and Silica Fume.” Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 5 (May 2009): 1847–1854. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.09.015.
[14] El-Sayed, Ahmed K., and Khaled Soudki. "Evaluation of Shear Design Equations of Concrete Beams with FRP Reinforcement.” Journal of Composites for Construction 15, no. 1 (February 2011): 9–20. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000158.
[15] Iqbal, Shahid, Ahsan Ali, Klaus Holschemacher, Thomas A. Bier, and Abid A. Shah. "Strengthening of RC Beams Using Steel Fiber Reinforced High Strength Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete (SHLSCC) and Their Strength Predictions.” Materials & Design 100 (June 2016): 37–46. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.015.
[16] Voo, Yen Lei, Wai Keat Poon, and Stephen J. Foster. "Shear Strength of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Ultrahigh- Performance Concrete Beams Without Stirrups.” Journal of Structural Engineering 136, no. 11 (November 2010): 1393–1400. doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0000234.
[17] Gao, Danying, and Changhui Zhang. "Shear Strength Calculating Model of FRP Bar Reinforced Concrete Beams Without Stirrups.” Engineering Structures 221 (October 2020): 111025. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111025.
[18] Monserrat López, Andrea, Pedro Fco. Miguel Sosa, José Luis Bonet Senach, and Miguel íngel Fernández Prada. "Experimental Study of Shear Strength in Continuous Reinforced Concrete Beams with and Without Shear Reinforcement.” Engineering Structures 220 (October 2020): 110967. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110967.
[19] Fernández Ruiz, M., A. Muttoni, and J. Sagaseta. "Shear Strength of Concrete Members without Transverse Reinforcement: A Mechanical Approach to Consistently Account for Size and Strain Effects.” Engineering Structures 99 (September 2015): 360–372. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.05.007.
[20] Singh, Harvinder. "Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete.” Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering (2017): 172. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2507-5.
[21] Yacob, Noor S., Mohamed A. ElGawady, Lesley H. Sneed, and Aly Said. "Shear Strength of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Reinforced Concrete Beams.” Engineering Structures 196 (October 2019): 109298. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109298.
[22] Mohammed, Tarek Uddin, Kamal Hossain Shikdar, and M.A. Awal. "Shear Strength of RC Beam Made with Recycled Brick Aggregate.” Engineering Structures 189 (June 2019): 497–508. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.03.093.
[23] American Concrete Institute (ACI440.1R-06). Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars. Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA: American Concrete Institute, (2006).
[24] Asteris, Panagiotis G., and Konstantinos G. Kolovos. "Self-Compacting Concrete Strength Prediction Using Surrogate Models.” Neural Computing and Applications 31, no. S1 (April 28, 2017): 409–424. doi:10.1007/s00521-017-3007-7.
[25] Code, Euro. "2, Design of concrete structures-Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings, BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004." British Standards (BSi) (2004).
[26] ACI Committee 318-95, "Review of Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-95) and Commentary (ACI 318R-95) by ACI Committee 318.” Journal of Architectural Engineering 2, no. 3 (September 1996): 120–120. doi:10.1061/(asce)1076-0431(1996)2:3(120.3).
[27] Canadian Standards Association (CSA). "Design of concrete standards for buildings.” CAN3-A23.3, Rexdale, Ontario, Canada. (2004).
[28] ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, (2014).
[29] Canadian Standards Association (CAN/CSA S806-02). "Design and Construction of Building Components with Fibre Reinforced Polymers.” Rexdale, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Standards Association, (2002).
[30] JSCE 2010 Concrete Committee. "Standard Specifications for Concrete Structures”2007." Japan Society of Civil Engineers: Tokyo, Japan (2010).
[31] ACI Committee 318. "Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-05). American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, (1999).
[32] ACI Committee 318. "Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-56).” ACI Journal Proceedings 59, no. 12 (1962). doi:10.14359/7970.
[33] Canadian Standards Association (CAN/CSA S806-02). "Design and Construction of Building Components with Fibrebre Reinforced Polymers.” Rexdale, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Standards Association, 2004.
[34] Zararis, Prodromos D. "Shear strength and minimum shear reinforcement of reinforced concrete slender beams." Structural Journal 100, no. 2 (March 2003): 203-214.
[35] Arslan, Güray. "Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Stirrups.” Materials and Structures 41, no. 1 (February 28, 2007): 113–122. doi:10.1617/s11527-007-9223-3.
[36] Russo, Gaetano, Denis Mitri, and Margherita Pauletta. "Shear Strength Design Formula for RC Beams with Stirrups.” Engineering Structures 51 (June 2013): 226–235. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.01.024.
[37] Campione, G., A. Monaco, and G. Minafò. "Shear Strength of High-Strength Concrete Beams: Modeling and Design Recommendations.” Engineering Structures 69 (June 2014): 116–122. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.02.029.
[38] Weng, C. C., S. I. Yen, and C. C. Chen. "Shear Strength of Concrete-Encased Composite Structural Members.” Journal of Structural Engineering 127, no. 10 (October 2001): 1190–1197. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2001)127:10(1190).
[39] Liu, Ruifen, and Chris P. Pantelides. "Shear Capacity of Concrete Slabs Reinforced with Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars Using the Modified Compression Field Theory.” PCI Journal 57, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 83–99. doi:10.15554/pcij.06012012.83.99.
[40] Choi, Kyoung-Kyu, Woo-Chang Sim, Jong-Chan Kim, and Hong-Gun Park. "Maximum Shear Strength of Slender RC Beams with Rectangular Cross Sections.” Journal of Structural Engineering 141, no. 7 (July 2015): 04014184. doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001156.
[41] Singh, Harvinder. "Flexural Modelling of Steel-Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Member with Conventional Tensile Rebars.” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 169, no. 1 (January 2016): 54–66. doi:10.1680/stbu.14.00054.
[42] Singh, Harvinder. "Steel Fibers as the Only Reinforcement in Concrete Slabs: Flexural Response and Design Chart.” Structural Engineering International 25, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 432–441. doi:10.2749/101686615x14355644771090.
[43] Code, Euro. "2, Design of concrete structures-Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings, BS EN 1992-1-1: 2004." British Standards (BSi) (2004).
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