Effect of Blast Loading on Seismically Detailed RC Columns and Buildings
Abstract
Explosions caused by standoff charges near buildings have drastic effects on the internal and external structural elements which can cause loss of life and fatal injuries in case of failure or collapse of the structural element. Providing structural elements with blast resistance is therefore gaining increasing importance. This paper presents numerical investigation of RC columns with different reinforcement detailing subjected to near-field explosions. Detailed finite element models are made using LS-DYNA software package for several columns having seismic and conventional reinforcement detailing which were previously tested under blast loads. The numerical results show agreement with the published experimental results regarding displacements and damage pattern. Seismic detailing of columns enhances the failure shape of the column and decrease the displacement values compared to columns with conventional reinforcement detailing. Further, the effect of several modeling parameters are studied such as mesh sensitivity analysis, inclusion of air medium and erosion values on the displacements and damage pattern. The results show that decreasing the mesh size, increasing erosion value and inclusion of air region provide results that are very close to experimental results. Additionally, application is made on a slab-column multistory building provided with protective walls having different connection details subjected to blast loads. The results of this study are presented and discussed. Use of a top and bottom floor slab connection of protective RC walls are better than using the full connection at the four sides to the adjacent columns and slabs. This leads to minimizing the distortion and failure of column, and therefore it increases the chance of saving the building from collapse and saving human lives.
Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091733
Full Text: PDF
Keywords
References
Dusenberry, Donald O., ed. “Handbook for Blast-Resistant Design of Buildings”, John Wiley & Sons, (January 6, 2010). doi:10.1002/9780470549070.
Ngo, T., P. Mendis, A. Gupta, and J. Ramsay. "Blast loading and blast effects on structures – an overview." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering (EJSE) Special Issue: Loading on Structures 7(1) (2007): 76-91.
Sil, Arjun, and Diptimoyee Phukan. “Quantification and Analysis of Air Blast Load Propagation Characteristics on Structures.” Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation 4, no. 1 (August 22, 2019). doi:10.1007/s41024-019-0063-7.
Shirbhate, P. A., and M. D. Goel. “A Critical Review of Blast Wave Parameters and Approaches for Blast Load Mitigation.” Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 28, no. 3 (May 8, 2020): 1713–1730. doi:10.1007/s11831-020-09436-y.
Andreotti, Micheal, Paolo Mocellin, Mariano Zanini, Chiara Vianello, Carlo Pellegrino, Claudio Modena, and Giuseppe Maschio. "Structural Behaviour of Multi-Storey Buildings Subjected to Internal Explosion." Chemical Engineering Transactions 48 (2016): 421-426. doi:10.3303/CET1648071.
Ibrahim, Yasser E., Mostafa A. Ismail, and Marwa Nabil. “Response of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures under Blast Loading.” Procedia Engineering 171 (2017): 890–898. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.384.
Yu, Jun, Lizhong Luo, and Yi Li. “Numerical Study of Progressive Collapse Resistance of RC Beam-Slab Substructures under Perimeter Column Removal Scenarios.” Engineering Structures 159 (March 2018): 14–27. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.12.038.
Nourzadeh, Dan (Danesh), Jagmohan Humar, and Abass Braimah. “Comparison of Response of Building Structures to Blast Loading and Seismic Excitations.” Procedia Engineering 210 (2017): 320–325. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.11.083.
Fujikura, Shuichi, and Michel Bruneau. “Experimental Investigation of Seismically Resistant Bridge Piers under Blast Loading.” Journal of Bridge Engineering 16, no. 1 (January 2011): 63–71. doi:10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000124.
Abladey, Lawrence, and Abass Braimah. “Near-Field Explosion Effects on the Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Columns: A Numerical Investigation.” International Journal of Protective Structures 5, no. 4 (December 2014): 475–499. doi:10.1260/2041-4196.5.4.475.
Kyei, Conrad. “Effects of Blast Loading on Seismically Detailed Reinforced Concrete Columns”, Master of Applied Science Thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, (2014). doi:10.22215/etd/2014-10346.
Siba, Farouk. “Near-Field Explosion Effects on Reinforced Concrete Columns: An Experimental Investigation”, Master of Applied Science Thesis, Carlton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (2014). doi:10.22215/etd/2014-10573.
Buchan, P.A., and J.F. Chen. “Blast Resistance of FRP Composites and Polymer Strengthened Concrete and Masonry Structures – A State-of-the-Art Review.” Composites Part B: Engineering 38, no. 5–6 (July 2007): 509–522. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.07.009.
Elsanadedy, H.M., T.H. Almusallam, H. Abbas, Y.A. Al-Salloum, and S.H. Alsayed. “Effect of Blast Loading on CFRP-Retrofitted RC Columns - a Numerical Study.” Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 8, no. 1 (2011): 55–81. doi:10.1590/s1679-78252011000100004.
Rodriguez-Nikl, Tonatiuh, Chung-Sheng Lee, Gilbert A. Hegemier, and Frieder Seible. “Experimental Performance of Concrete Columns with Composite Jackets under Blast Loading.” Journal of Structural Engineering 138, no. 1 (January 2012): 81–89. doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0000444.
Goswami, Abhiroop, and Satadru Das Adhikary. “Retrofitting Materials for Enhanced Blast Performance of Structures: Recent Advancement and Challenges Ahead.” Construction and Building Materials 204 (April 2019): 224–243. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.188.
Yan, Junbo, Yan Liu, Zixi Xu, Zhen Li, and Fenglei Huang. “Experimental and Numerical Analysis of CFRP Strengthened RC Columns Subjected to Close-in Blast Loading.” International Journal of Impact Engineering 146 (December 2020): 103720. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2020.103720.
Hussain, Iqrar, Muhammad Yaqub, Adeel Ehsan, and Safi Ur Rehman. “Effect of Viscosity Parameter on Numerical Simulation of Fire Damaged Concrete Columns.” Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 8 (August 25, 2019): 1841–1849. doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091376.
Lan, S., J.E. Crawford, and K.B. Morrill. "Design of reinforced concrete columns to resist the effects of suitcase bombs." Proceedings of 6th Int. Conf. on Shock and Impact Loads on Structures, Perth, Australia (2005): 5–10.
Bao, Xiaoli, and Bing Li. “Residual Strength of Blast Damaged Reinforced Concrete Columns.” International Journal of Impact Engineering 37, no. 3 (March 2010): 295–308. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.04.003.
Shi, Yanchao, Hong Hao, and Zhong-Xian Li. “Numerical Derivation of Pressure–impulse Diagrams for Prediction of RC Column Damage to Blast Loads.” International Journal of Impact Engineering 35, no. 11 (November 2008): 1213–1227. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.09.001.
Cui, Jian, Yanchao Shi, Zhong-Xian Li, and Li Chen. “Failure Analysis and Damage Assessment of RC Columns under Close-In Explosions.” Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 29, no. 5 (October 2015). doi:10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000766.
Gholipour, Gholamreza, Chunwei Zhang, and Asma Alsadat Mousavi. “Numerical Analysis of Axially Loaded RC Columns Subjected to the Combination of Impact and Blast Loads.” Engineering Structures 219 (September 2020): 110924. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110924.
Li, Zhong-Xian, Xuejie Zhang, Yanchao Shi, Chengqing Wu, and Jun Li. “Finite Element Modeling of FRP Retrofitted RC Column Against Blast Loading.” Composite Structures 263 (May 2021): 113727. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113727.
Ibrahim, Yasser E., and Marwa Nabil. “Assessment of Structural Response of an Existing Structure under Blast Load Using Finite Element Analysis.” Alexandria Engineering Journal 58, no. 4 (December 2019): 1327–1338. doi:10.1016/j.aej.2019.11.004.
Hallquist, O. "LS-DYNA Keyword User’s Manual." Volume II, (February 2012).
Thai, Duc-Kien, and Seung-Eock Kim. “Numerical Investigation of the Damage of RC Members Subjected to Blast Loading.” Engineering Failure Analysis 92 (October 2018): 350–367. doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.06.001.
Birnbaum, Naury K., Nigel J. Francis, and Bence I. Gerber. "Coupled techniques for the simulation of fluid-structure and impact problems." Computer Assisted Mechanics and Engineering Sciences 6, no. 3/4 (1999): 295-312.
Katayama, M., M. Itoh, S. Tamura, M. Beppu, and T. Ohno. “Numerical Analysis Method for the RC and Geological Structures Subjected to Extreme Loading by Energetic Materials.” International Journal of Impact Engineering 34, no. 9 (September 2007): 1546–1561. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.10.013.
Broadhouse, B. J. “SPD/D(95)363. AEA Technology. Winfrith Concrete Model in LS-DYNA3D.” (1995).
Ottosen, Niels Saabye. “A Failure Criterion for Concrete.” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division 103, no. 4 (August 1977): 527–535. doi:10.1061/jmcea3.0002248.
Crawford, J., Y. Wu, H. Choi, J. Magallanes, and S. Lan. "Use and validation of the release III K&C concrete material model in LS-DYNA." Glendale: Karagozian & Case, (2012).
Coleman, Daniel K. "Evaluation of concrete modeling in LS-DYNA for seismic application." PhD diss., University of Texas Austin, USA, (2016).
Bermejo M., J. M. Goicolea, F. Gabaldón, and A. Santos. “Impact and explosive loads on concrete buildings using shell and beam type elements.” Proceedings of the 3rd Int. Conference of Computer Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, COMPDYN 2011, July, (2011).
Reithofer, P., A. Fertschej, B. Hirschmann, B. Jilka, and M. Rollant. “Material models for thermoplastics in LS-DYNA ® from deformation to failure.”, (2018): 1–19.
Vogler, M., S. Kolling, and A. Haufe. “A Constitutive Model for Polymers with a Piecewise Linear Yield Surface.” PAMM 6, no. 1 (December 2006): 275–276. doi:10.1002/pamm.200610118.
Rao, Bin, Li Chen, Qin Fang, Jian Hong, Zhong-xian Liu, and Heng-bo Xiang. “Dynamic Responses of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Double-End-Initiated Close-in Explosion.” Defence Technology 14, no. 5 (October 2018): 527–539. doi:10.1016/j.dt.2018.07.024.
Xiao, Weifang, Matthias Andrae, and Norbert Gebbeken. “Air Blast TNT Equivalence Concept for Blast-Resistant Design.” International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 185 (November 2020): 105871. doi:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.105871.
Karlos, Vasilis, George Solomos, and Martin Larcher. “Analysis of the Blast Wave Decay Coefficient Using the Kingery–Bulmash Data.” International Journal of Protective Structures 7, no. 3 (July 31, 2016): 409–429. doi:10.1177/2041419616659572.
Catovic, Alan, and Elvedin Kljuno. “Comparation of Analytical Models and Review of Numerical Simulation Method for Blast Wave Overpressure Estimation after the Explosion.” Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal 6, no. 1 (February 2021): 748–756. doi:10.25046/aj060182.
Gunaryo, Kasmidi, Heri Heriana, M. Rafiqi Sitompul, Andi Kuswoyo, and Bambang K. Hadi. “Experimentation and Numerical Modeling on the Response of Woven Glass/epoxy Composite Plate Under Blast Impact Loading.” International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering 15, no. 1 (February 10, 2020). doi:10.1186/s40712-020-0116-3.
Zidan, M. K., M. N. Fayed, A. M. Elhosiny, K. M. Abdelgawad, and H. H. Orfy. “Modelling of Damage Patterns of RC Concrete Columns under Demolition by Blasting.” Structures under Shock and Impact XIII (June 3, 2014): 95-111. doi:10.2495/susi140091.
Pantelides, C.P., T.T. Garfield, W.D. Richins, T.K. Larson, and J.E. Blakeley. “Reinforced Concrete and Fiber Reinforced Concrete Panels Subjected to Blast Detonations and Post-Blast Static Tests.” Engineering Structures 76 (October 2014): 24–33. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.06.040.
Todd C. D. "The Potentiometer Handbook." New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, (2008).
Jankowski, U., M. Sans, and M. Fairchild. “General considerations for the influence of mesh density in LS-DYNA.” Proceedings of the 5th European LS-DYNA Users Conference, Birmingham, UK, (May 2005).
Dobrociński, Stanisław, and Leszek Flis. “Numerical Simulations of Blast Loads from Near-Field Ground Explosions in Air.” Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 11–18. doi:10.1515/sgem-2015-0040.
DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091733
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Marco Fouad, Mohamed Nour Fayed, Gehan Abdelrahman Hamdy, Amr Abdelrahman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.