1. Home
  2. Vol 8, No 5 (2022)
  3. Mbengue

Geotechnical and Mechanical Characterization of Lateritic Soil Improved with Crushed Granite

Marie Thérèse Marame Mbengue, Abdou Lawane Gana, Adamah Messan, Anne Pantet

Abstract


Since many years, road infrastructures in West Africa are most often subject to premature degradations despite the large number of studies. This problem is often due to the poor control of the behaviour of materials used for the pavement, but also to the scarcity of good quality materials. Nowadays, with economic development, there is a necessity for road infrastructures of good quality. In this framework, the main objective was to study the vertical geotechnical variability of the gravelly lateritic soil from the Saaba site in Burkina Faso and to improve their performances by adding crushed granite. The results show that the physical properties of the soils are almost identical depending on the depth. However, a small difference in the mechanical properties was observed. Due to their poor characteristics, these materials cannot be used for the sub-base layer according to the pavement design guide for tropical countries, CEBTP [1]. In order to improve their geotechnical and mechanical characteristics, crushed granite of class 0/31.5 mm was added at different percentages: 20, 25, 30, and 35%. It appears that the plasticity index, the methylene blue value, as well as the optimal water content of the material decreased. The soaked CBR recorded a maximum relative increase of 164% (from 14 to 37%) with the addition of 20 to 30% of crushed granite. With the addition of 20 to 30% of crushed granite, Young's modulus and unconfined compressive strength also showed a clear increase of 309% (from 80 to 327 MPa) and 140% (from 0.72 to 1.73 MPa). By comparing the results with the CEBTP specifications, the addition of 30% of granites at 95% compactness allows the materials to have a CBR that exceeds the value of 30% and can be used in the sub-base layer of road pavement. The addition of 30% granite allows the materials to record an unconfined compressive strength higher than 0.5-1.5 MPa, which corresponds to lateritic soil suitable for sub-base layer according to Messou [2]. After the addition of 30% granite, the materials record a Young's modulus greater than 300 MPa and can be used as a base layer. The assessment of the improvement of mechanical performance simultaneously based on the CBR, the Young's modulus, and the compressive strength showed the contradictory evolution of the results from these different parameters. A discussion was made on the relationship between these parameters.

 

Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-01

Full Text: PDF


Keywords


Litho Stabilization; Lateritic Soil; Geotechnical Properties; Pavement Structure; Vertical Geotechnical Variability.

References


AIPCR. (1984). Review of the Practical Guide to Pavement Design for Tropical Countries. Experimental Center for Building and Public Works Research and Studies, Paris, France. (In French).

Messou, M. (1980). Mechanical behavior of a lateritic gravel base course improved with cement: the case of roads in Côte d'Ivoire. Ph.D. Thesis, National school of ponts and chaussées, Paris, France. (In French).

Gidigasu, M. D. (1974). Degree of weathering in the identification of laterite materials for engineering purposes - a review. Engineering Geology, 8(3), 213–266. doi:10.1016/0013-7952(74)90001-5.

Tockol, I., Massiera, M., Chiasson, P. A., & SALIHA MAIGA, M. (1994). Lateritic gravel in the Sahel countries: case of unpaved roads. 7th International congress International Association of Engineering Geology, 5-9 September 1994, Losoba, Portugal, 3423-3431. (In French).

Autret, P. (1983). Laterites and gravelous lateritic. Institute of science and technology of equipment and environment for development, Paris, France. (In French).

Millogo, Y., Traoré, K., Ouedraogo, R., Kaboré, K., Blanchart, P., & Thomassin, J. H. (2008). Geotechnical, mechanical, chemical and mineralogical characterization of a lateritic gravels of Sapouy (Burkina Faso) used in road construction. Construction and Building Materials, 22(2), 70–76. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.07.014.

Boumekik, N. E. I., Labed, M., Mellas, M., & Mabrouki, A. (2021). Optimization of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Soft Soils through the Concept of the Critical Length of Stone Columns. Civil Engineering Journal, 7(9), 1472–1487. doi:10.28991/cej-2021-03091737.

Consoli, N. C., Párraga Morales, D., & Saldanha, R. B. (2021). A new approach for stabilization of lateritic soil with Portland cement and sand: strength and durability. Acta Geotechnica, 16(5), 1473–1486. doi:10.1007/s11440-020-01136-y.

Oyediran, I. A., & Ayeni, O. O. (2020). Comparative effect of microbial induced calcite precipitate, cement and rice husk ash on the geotechnical properties of soils. SN Applied Sciences, 2(7), 1157. doi:10.1007/s42452-020-2956-0.

Lompo, P. (1980). Materials used in road construction in Upper Volta. A non-traditional material “The lithostab”. 4th African Road Conference, 20-25 January 1980, Nairobi, Kenya, 20-25. (In French).

Toe, J. M. (2007). Use of the chassis-assisted litho stabilization technique. A worksite experience. Presentation at the Conference of Young African Geotechnicians, Tunisia, 16-18. (In French).

Ndiaye, M., Magnan, J. P., Cisse, I. K., & Cisse, L. (2013). Study of the improvement of laterites in Senegal by adding sand. Bulletin of the Roads and Bridges Laboratories, 123-127. (In French).

Jjuuko, S., Kalumba, D., Bbira, S., & Bamutenda, J. B. (2014). Blending of marginally suitable lateritic soils for use in base construction. Proceedings of the IV South American young geotechnical engineers conference–IVSAYGEC, Bogota, Colombia.

Sudla, P., Horpibulsuk, S., Chinkulkijniwat, A., Arulrajah, A., Liu, M. D., & Hoy, M. (2018). Marginal lateritic soil/crushed slag blends as an engineering fill material. Soils and Foundations, 58(3), 786–795. doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2018.03.007.

Hyoumbi, W. T., Pizette, P., Wouatong, A. S. L., Abriak, N. E., Borrel, L. R., Razafimahatratra, F. N., & Guiouillier, T. (2019). Investigations of the Crushed Basanite Aggregates Effects on Lateritic Fine Soils of Bafang Area (West-Cameroon). Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 37(3), 2147–2164. doi:10.1007/s10706-018-0751-0.

Ahouet, L., & Elenga, R. G. (2019). Improvement of the geotechnical properties of lateritic gravel by adding crushed alluvial gravel 0/31.5. Applied and Engineering Sciences, 3(1), 1-6. (In French).

Corrêa, F. A., Collares, A. C. Z. B., Collares, E. G., Ribeiro, R. P., & Reis, F. M. D. (2020). Evaluation of mixtures of lateritic clayey soil with quartzite and stone powder for road purposes. Transportes, 28(3), 228–237. doi:10.14295/transportes.v28i3.2088.

Tony, N. C., Devdas, G., Raj, S. G., & Varghese, R. M. (2021). Compaction Characteristics of Red Earth and Quarry Dust Combinations. In Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2019, 191-201. Springer, Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-33-6346-5_17.

Gidigasu, S. S. R., Lawer, K. A., Gawu, S. K. Y., & Emmanuel, E. (2021). Waste crushed rock stabilised lateritic soil and spent carbide blends as a road base material. Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 1–13. doi:10.1080/17486025.2021.1903096.

Color, M. (1975). Munsell Soil Color Chart: Macbeth Division of Kollmorgen Corporation. Baltmore, Maryland.

NF EN ISO 17892-4. (2018). Geotechnical investigations and tests: Laboratory tests on soils - Part 4: Determination of particle size distribution. French Association for Standardization (AFNOR), Paris, France. (In French).

NF EN ISO 17892-12. (2018). Geotechnical investigations and tests - Laboratory tests on soils - Part 12: determination of liquid and plasticity limits. French Association for Standardization (AFNOR), Paris, France. (In French).

NF P 94-068. (1998). Soils: reconnaissance and tests: Measurement of the methylene blue absorption capacity of a soil or a rocky material-Determination of the methylene blue value of a soil or a rocky material by testing to the job. French Association for Standardization (AFNOR), Paris, France. (In French).

ASTM D 5550-06. (2006). Standard test: method for specific gravity of soil solids by helium gas Pycnometer. ASTM International, Pennsylvania, United States.

NF P 94-093. (2014). Soils: reconnaissance and tests: Determination of the compaction references of a material-Normal Proctor test-Modified Proctor test. French Association for Standardization (AFNOR), Paris, France. (In French).

NF P 94-078. (1997). Soils: reconnaissance and tests: CBR index after immersion. Immediate-Measure Bearing Index on sample compacted in the CBR mold. French Association for Standardization (AFNOR), Paris, France. (In French).

NF EN 13286-41. (2003Mixtures treated and unbound with hydraulic binders - Part 41: Test method for the determination of the compressive strength of mixtures treated with hydraulic binders. French Association for Standardization (AFNOR), Paris, France. (In French).

NF EN 13286-43. (2003). Mixtures treated and unbound with hydraulic binders - Part 43: Test method for the determination of the modulus of elasticity of mixtures treated with hydraulic binders. French Association for Standardization (AFNOR), Paris, France. (In French).

National research Council, Highway Research Board. (1958). Proceedings of the annual Meeting-Highway Research Board, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, United States.

French Road Earthworks Guidelines (GTR). (2000). Guide to Road Earthworks, construction of embankments and subgrades, booklets I and II, GTR SETRA-LCPC. (In French).

Casagrande, A. (1948). Classification and Identification of Soils. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 113(1), 901–930. doi:10.1061/taceat.0006109.

Ki, B. I. J., Ba, M., Gueye, R., Hornych, P., & Sana, A. (2021). Effect of Water Content and Grains Size Distribution on the Characteristic Resilient Young’s Modulus Obtained Using Anisotropic Boyce Model on Gravelly Lateritic Soils from Tropical Africa (Burkina Faso and Senegal). Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 11(01), 134–152. doi:10.4236/ojce.2021.111009.

Issiakou, M. S. (2016). Caractérisation et valorisation des matérieux latéritiques utilisés en construction routière au Niger. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. (In French).

Chalermyanont, T., & Arrykul, S. (2005). Compacted sand-bentonite mixtures for hydraulic containment liners. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 27(2), 313-323.

Hassan, H., Taher, S., & Alyousify, S. (2020). Effect of Gravel Dust and Limestone Dust on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil. The Journal of the University of Duhok, 23(2), 194–205. doi:10.26682/csjuod.2020.23.2.16.

Ojuri, O. O., Adavi, A. A., & Oluwatuyi, O. E. (2017). Geotechnical and environmental evaluation of lime–cement stabilized soil–mine tailing mixtures for highway construction. Transportation Geotechnics, 10, 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.trgeo.2016.10.001.

Okagbue, C. O., & Onyeobi, T. U. S. (1999). Potential of marble dust to stabilise red tropical soils for road construction. Engineering Geology, 53(3–4), 371–380. doi:10.1016/S0013-7952(99)00036-8.

Gidigasu, M. D. (1983). Development of acceptance specifications for tropical gravel paving materials. Engineering Geology, 19(3), 213–240. doi:10.1016/0013-7952(83)90004-2.

Issiakou, M. S., Saiyouri, N., Anguy, Y., Gaborieau, C., & Fabre, R. (2015). Study of lateritic materials used in road construction in Niger: improvement method. Civil Engineering University Meetings, May 2015, Bayonne, France. (In French).

Madjadoumbaye, J., Kamdjo, G., Mbessa, M., Defo, F. E. H., & Tamo, T. T. (2013). Possibilities for Improving the Bearing Capacity of Laterite with a Vegetable Shell: the Shell of Palm Kernels. The Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (EJGE), 18, 1917-1928.

Saberian, M., Li, J., & Setunge, S. (2019). Evaluation of permanent deformation of a new pavement base and subbase containing unbound granular materials, crumb rubber and crushed glass. Journal of Cleaner Production, 230, 38–45. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.100

Silva, M. F. da, Ribeiro, M. M. P., Furlan, A. P., & Fabbri, G. T. P. (2021). Effect of compaction water content and stress ratio on permanent deformation of a subgrade lateritic soil. Transportation Geotechnics, 26, 100443. doi:10.1016/j.trgeo.2020.100443.

Bagarre, E. (1990). Use of lateritic gravel in road engineering. Institute of science and technology of equipment and environment for development (ISTED). Available online: https://trid.trb.org/view/1018608 (accessed on March 2022) (In French).

Nzabakurikiza, A., Onana, V. L., Ze, A. N., Mvindi, A. T. N., & Ekodeck, G. E. (2017). Geological, geotechnical, and mechanical characterization of lateritic gravels from Eastern Cameroon for road construction purposes. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 76(4), 1549–1562. doi:10.1007/s10064-016-0979-y.

Onana, V. L., Ngo’o Ze, A., Eko, R. M., Ntouala, R. F. D., Nanga Bineli, M. T., Owoudou, B. N., & Ekodeck, G. E. (2017). Geological identification, geotechnical and mechanical characterization of charnockite-derived lateritic gravels from Southern Cameroon for road construction purposes. Transportation Geotechnics, 10, 35–46. doi:10.1016/j.trgeo.2016.12.001.

AGEPAR Working Group PIARC Working Group PIARC AGEPAR. (2019). Methodological document for the establishment of a national catalog and pavement design guide. 2019R40EN - Technical Report, PIARC. (In French).

Gansonré, Y., Breul, P., Bacconnet, C., Benz, M., & Gourvès, R. (2021). Estimation of lateritic soils elastic modulus from CBR index for pavement engineering in Burkina Faso. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 14(3), 348–356. doi:10.1007/s42947-020-0118-9.

Reiffsteck, P. (2002). New test technologies in soil mechanics-State of the art. PARAM 2002-international symposium identification and determination of soil and rock parameters for geotechnical calculations, Paris, September 2-3, 2002. (In French).


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-05-01

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2022 Marie Thérèse Marame MBENGUE, Abdou LAWANE GANA, Adamah MESSAN, Anne Pantet

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
x
Message