Investigation of an Innovative Technique for R.C. Square Footing Reinforced by GFRP and BFRP Bars with HSC
Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): April
Research Articles
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Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-04-017
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[1] El-Sayed, T. A., Abdallah, K. S., Ahmed, H. E., & El-Afandy, T. H. (2023). Structural Behavior of Ultra-High Strength Concrete Columns Reinforced with Basalt Bars Under Axial Loading. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 17(1), 1103. doi:10.1186/s40069-023-00600-9.
[2] Badawi, M. I., Awwad, M., Roshdy, M., & El-Kasaby, E. S. A. (2024). Investigation of an Innovative Technique for R.C. Piles Reinforced by Geo-Synthetics Under Axial Load. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 10(10), 3292–3306. doi:10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-011.
[3] Makhlouf, M. H., Ismail, G., Abdel Kreem, A. H., & Badawi, M. I. (2023). Investigation of transverse reinforcement for R.C flat slabs against punching shear and comparison with innovative strengthening technique using FRP ropes. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 18(2), 1935. doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e01935.
[4] El-kasaby, E. S. A., Awwad, M., & M. Mansour, A. (2023). Experimental study of glass fiber concrete piles reinforced with GFRP bars and geogrid under concentric loads. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(9), 66–74. doi:10.22161/ijaems.99.7.
[5] El-Kasaby, E.-S. A., Awwad, M., Roshdy, M., & Abo-Shark, A. A. (2023). Behavior of Square Footings Reinforced with Glass Fiber Bristles and Biaxial Geogrid. European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, 8(4), 5–11. doi:10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.4.3075.
[6] Hadad, H. S., Nooman, M. T., & Saleh, K. A. (2021). Behaviors of isolated footings reinforced with glass fiber bars. Al-Azhar University Civil Engineering Research Magazine, 43(2), 35–48.
[7] Latha, G. M., & Somwanshi, A. (2009). Bearing capacity of square footings on geosynthetic reinforced sand. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 27(4), 281–294. doi:10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.02.001.
[8] El-Nemr, A., Ahmed, E. A., & Benmokrane, B. (2013). Flexural Behavior and Serviceability of Normal-and High-Strength Concrete Beams Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars. ACI structural journal, 110(6). doi:10.14359/51686162.
[9] Maranan, G. B., Manalo, A. C., Benmokrane, B., Karunasena, W., & Mendis, P. (2015). Evaluation of the flexural strength and serviceability of geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. Engineering Structures, 101, 529–541. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.08.003.
[10] Elgabbas, F., Vincent, P., Ahmed, E. A., & Benmokrane, B. (2016). Experimental testing of basalt-fiber-reinforced polymer bars in concrete beams. Composites Part B: Engineering, 91, 205–218. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.01.045.
[11] Li, Z., Zhu, H., Du, C., Gao, D., Yuan, J., & Wen, C. (2021). Experimental study on cracking behavior of steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams with BFRP bars under repeated loading. Composite Structures, 267, 113878. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113878.
[12] Mohamed, O. A., Hawat, W. Al, & Keshawarz, M. (2021). Durability and mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars: Towards sustainable infrastructure. Polymers, 13(9), 1402. doi:10.3390/polym13091402.
[13] Wu, Z., Wang, X., & Wu, G. (2012). Advancement of structural safety and sustainability with basalt fiber reinforced polymers. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, CICE 2012, 13-15 June, 2012, Rome, Italy.
[14] Patnaik, A., Puli, R., Mylavarapu, R., & Basalt, F. R. P. (2004). A new FRP material for infrastructure market. Proceedings 4th International Conference Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures (ACMBS-IV), 20-23 July, 2024, Calgary, Canada.
[15] Serbescu, A., Guadagnini, M., & Pilakoutas, K. (2015). Mechanical Characterization of Basalt FRP Rebars and Long-Term Strength Predictive Model. Journal of Composites for Construction, 19(2), 143. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000497.
[16] Vincent, P., Ahmed, E., & Benmokrane, B. (2013). Characterization of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) reinforcing bars for concrete structures. Proceedings of the 3rd Specialty Conference on Material Engineering & Applied Mechanics, 29 May-1 June, Montreal, Canada.
[17] Elgabbas, F., Ahmed, E. A., & Benmokrane, B. (2015). Physical and mechanical characteristics of new basalt-FRP bars for reinforcing concrete structures. Construction and Building Materials, 95, 623–635. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.036.
[18] Tomlinson, D., & Fam, A. (2015). Performance of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Basalt FRP for Flexure and Shear. Journal of Composites for Construction, 19(2), 712. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000491.
[19] Banibayat, P., & Patnaik, A. (2015). Creep Rupture Performance of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars. Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 28(3), 4014074. doi:10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0000391.
[20] Patnaik, A. (2009). Applications of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) reinforcement for transportation infrastructure. Developing a Research Agenda for Transportation Infrastructure -TRB, November 2009, 1-5.
[21] Brik, V. (2003). Advanced concept concrete using basalt fiber/BF composite rebar reinforcement. Final Report for Highway-IDEA Project 86, Transportation Research Broad, Washington, United States.
[22] Sim, J., Park, C., & Moon, D. Y. (2005). Characteristics of basalt fiber as a strengthening material for concrete structures. Composites Part B: Engineering, 36(6–7), 504–512. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2005.02.002.
[23] Benmokrane, B., Elgabbas, F., Ahmed, E. A., & Cousin, P. (2015). Characterization and Comparative Durability Study of Glass/Vinylester, Basalt/Vinylester, and Basalt/Epoxy FRP Bars. Journal of Composites for Construction, 19(6), 34. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000564.
[24] Halim, N. H. F. A., Alih, S. C., Vafaei, M., Baniahmadi, M., & Fallah, A. (2017). Durability of fibre reinforced polymer under aggressive environment and severe loading: A review. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 12(22), 12519–12533.
[25] Wei, B., Cao, H., & Song, S. (2010). Environmental resistance and mechanical performance of basalt and glass fibers. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 527(18–19), 4708–4715. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2010.04.021.
[26] Gu, C. P., Ye, G., & Sun, W. (2015). Ultrahigh performance concrete-properties, applications and perspectives. Science China Technological Sciences, 58(4), 587–599. doi:10.1007/s11431-015-5769-4.
[27] Ahmed, E. A., Benmokrane, B., & Sansfaçon, M. (2017). Case Study: Design, Construction, and Performance of the La Chancelière Parking Garage's Concrete Flat Slabs Reinforced with GFRP Bars. Journal of Composites for Construction, 21(1), 68. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000656.
[28] Sagar, B., & Sivakumar, M. V. N. (2021). Performance evaluation of basalt fibre-reinforced polymer rebars in structural concrete members–a review. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 6(2), 423. doi:10.1007/s41062-020-00452-2.
[29] Afroughsabet, V., Biolzi, L., & Ozbakkaloglu, T. (2016). High-performance fiber-reinforced concrete: a review. Journal of Materials Science, 51(14), 6517–6551. doi:10.1007/s10853-016-9917-4.
[30] Christian, A., & Chye, G. O. K. (2014). Performance of fiber reinforced high-strength concrete with steel sandwich composite system as blast mitigation panel. Procedia Engineering, 95(9), 150–157. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.174.
[31] Ezzsteel. (2025). EZZ STEEL, Cairo, Egypt. Available online: https://www.ezzsteel.com/ (accessed on March 2025).
[32] Armastek (2025). Armastek and imported by Fiber Reinforcement Industries Company. Armastek, Johannesburg, South Africa. Available online: https://armastek-za.com/ (accessed on March 2025).
[33] ABFC. (2025). Arab Basalt Fiber Company, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Available online: https://arabbasaltfiber.com/ (accessed on March 2025).
[34] Dassault Systems. (2017). Abaqus/CAE User's Manual. Dassault Systems, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France.
[35] Ali, A. H., Gouda, A., Mohamed, H. M., Rabie, M. H., & Benmokrane, B. (2020). Nonlinear finite elements modeling and experiments of FRP-reinforced concrete piles under shear loads. Structures, 28, 106–119. doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2020.08.047.
[2] Badawi, M. I., Awwad, M., Roshdy, M., & El-Kasaby, E. S. A. (2024). Investigation of an Innovative Technique for R.C. Piles Reinforced by Geo-Synthetics Under Axial Load. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 10(10), 3292–3306. doi:10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-011.
[3] Makhlouf, M. H., Ismail, G., Abdel Kreem, A. H., & Badawi, M. I. (2023). Investigation of transverse reinforcement for R.C flat slabs against punching shear and comparison with innovative strengthening technique using FRP ropes. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 18(2), 1935. doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e01935.
[4] El-kasaby, E. S. A., Awwad, M., & M. Mansour, A. (2023). Experimental study of glass fiber concrete piles reinforced with GFRP bars and geogrid under concentric loads. International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 9(9), 66–74. doi:10.22161/ijaems.99.7.
[5] El-Kasaby, E.-S. A., Awwad, M., Roshdy, M., & Abo-Shark, A. A. (2023). Behavior of Square Footings Reinforced with Glass Fiber Bristles and Biaxial Geogrid. European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, 8(4), 5–11. doi:10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.4.3075.
[6] Hadad, H. S., Nooman, M. T., & Saleh, K. A. (2021). Behaviors of isolated footings reinforced with glass fiber bars. Al-Azhar University Civil Engineering Research Magazine, 43(2), 35–48.
[7] Latha, G. M., & Somwanshi, A. (2009). Bearing capacity of square footings on geosynthetic reinforced sand. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 27(4), 281–294. doi:10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.02.001.
[8] El-Nemr, A., Ahmed, E. A., & Benmokrane, B. (2013). Flexural Behavior and Serviceability of Normal-and High-Strength Concrete Beams Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars. ACI structural journal, 110(6). doi:10.14359/51686162.
[9] Maranan, G. B., Manalo, A. C., Benmokrane, B., Karunasena, W., & Mendis, P. (2015). Evaluation of the flexural strength and serviceability of geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. Engineering Structures, 101, 529–541. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.08.003.
[10] Elgabbas, F., Vincent, P., Ahmed, E. A., & Benmokrane, B. (2016). Experimental testing of basalt-fiber-reinforced polymer bars in concrete beams. Composites Part B: Engineering, 91, 205–218. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.01.045.
[11] Li, Z., Zhu, H., Du, C., Gao, D., Yuan, J., & Wen, C. (2021). Experimental study on cracking behavior of steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams with BFRP bars under repeated loading. Composite Structures, 267, 113878. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113878.
[12] Mohamed, O. A., Hawat, W. Al, & Keshawarz, M. (2021). Durability and mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars: Towards sustainable infrastructure. Polymers, 13(9), 1402. doi:10.3390/polym13091402.
[13] Wu, Z., Wang, X., & Wu, G. (2012). Advancement of structural safety and sustainability with basalt fiber reinforced polymers. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, CICE 2012, 13-15 June, 2012, Rome, Italy.
[14] Patnaik, A., Puli, R., Mylavarapu, R., & Basalt, F. R. P. (2004). A new FRP material for infrastructure market. Proceedings 4th International Conference Advanced Composite Materials in Bridges and Structures (ACMBS-IV), 20-23 July, 2024, Calgary, Canada.
[15] Serbescu, A., Guadagnini, M., & Pilakoutas, K. (2015). Mechanical Characterization of Basalt FRP Rebars and Long-Term Strength Predictive Model. Journal of Composites for Construction, 19(2), 143. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000497.
[16] Vincent, P., Ahmed, E., & Benmokrane, B. (2013). Characterization of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) reinforcing bars for concrete structures. Proceedings of the 3rd Specialty Conference on Material Engineering & Applied Mechanics, 29 May-1 June, Montreal, Canada.
[17] Elgabbas, F., Ahmed, E. A., & Benmokrane, B. (2015). Physical and mechanical characteristics of new basalt-FRP bars for reinforcing concrete structures. Construction and Building Materials, 95, 623–635. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.036.
[18] Tomlinson, D., & Fam, A. (2015). Performance of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Basalt FRP for Flexure and Shear. Journal of Composites for Construction, 19(2), 712. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000491.
[19] Banibayat, P., & Patnaik, A. (2015). Creep Rupture Performance of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars. Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 28(3), 4014074. doi:10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0000391.
[20] Patnaik, A. (2009). Applications of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) reinforcement for transportation infrastructure. Developing a Research Agenda for Transportation Infrastructure -TRB, November 2009, 1-5.
[21] Brik, V. (2003). Advanced concept concrete using basalt fiber/BF composite rebar reinforcement. Final Report for Highway-IDEA Project 86, Transportation Research Broad, Washington, United States.
[22] Sim, J., Park, C., & Moon, D. Y. (2005). Characteristics of basalt fiber as a strengthening material for concrete structures. Composites Part B: Engineering, 36(6–7), 504–512. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2005.02.002.
[23] Benmokrane, B., Elgabbas, F., Ahmed, E. A., & Cousin, P. (2015). Characterization and Comparative Durability Study of Glass/Vinylester, Basalt/Vinylester, and Basalt/Epoxy FRP Bars. Journal of Composites for Construction, 19(6), 34. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000564.
[24] Halim, N. H. F. A., Alih, S. C., Vafaei, M., Baniahmadi, M., & Fallah, A. (2017). Durability of fibre reinforced polymer under aggressive environment and severe loading: A review. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 12(22), 12519–12533.
[25] Wei, B., Cao, H., & Song, S. (2010). Environmental resistance and mechanical performance of basalt and glass fibers. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 527(18–19), 4708–4715. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2010.04.021.
[26] Gu, C. P., Ye, G., & Sun, W. (2015). Ultrahigh performance concrete-properties, applications and perspectives. Science China Technological Sciences, 58(4), 587–599. doi:10.1007/s11431-015-5769-4.
[27] Ahmed, E. A., Benmokrane, B., & Sansfaçon, M. (2017). Case Study: Design, Construction, and Performance of the La Chancelière Parking Garage's Concrete Flat Slabs Reinforced with GFRP Bars. Journal of Composites for Construction, 21(1), 68. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000656.
[28] Sagar, B., & Sivakumar, M. V. N. (2021). Performance evaluation of basalt fibre-reinforced polymer rebars in structural concrete members–a review. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 6(2), 423. doi:10.1007/s41062-020-00452-2.
[29] Afroughsabet, V., Biolzi, L., & Ozbakkaloglu, T. (2016). High-performance fiber-reinforced concrete: a review. Journal of Materials Science, 51(14), 6517–6551. doi:10.1007/s10853-016-9917-4.
[30] Christian, A., & Chye, G. O. K. (2014). Performance of fiber reinforced high-strength concrete with steel sandwich composite system as blast mitigation panel. Procedia Engineering, 95(9), 150–157. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.174.
[31] Ezzsteel. (2025). EZZ STEEL, Cairo, Egypt. Available online: https://www.ezzsteel.com/ (accessed on March 2025).
[32] Armastek (2025). Armastek and imported by Fiber Reinforcement Industries Company. Armastek, Johannesburg, South Africa. Available online: https://armastek-za.com/ (accessed on March 2025).
[33] ABFC. (2025). Arab Basalt Fiber Company, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Available online: https://arabbasaltfiber.com/ (accessed on March 2025).
[34] Dassault Systems. (2017). Abaqus/CAE User's Manual. Dassault Systems, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France.
[35] Ali, A. H., Gouda, A., Mohamed, H. M., Rabie, M. H., & Benmokrane, B. (2020). Nonlinear finite elements modeling and experiments of FRP-reinforced concrete piles under shear loads. Structures, 28, 106–119. doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2020.08.047.
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