Traditional Climate Responsible Solutions in Iranian Ancient Architecture in Humid Region
Vol. 4 No. 10 (2018): October
Research Articles
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The climatically compatible design is one of the closest ways getting the optimum use of renewable sources of energy since consideration to climatic conditions is the main concern in sustainability. Occupants suffer from this uncomfortable situation due to the overheating indoor high temperature. This region is located north of Iran, is influenced by humid climate conditions. Adaptation to climate condition in the vernacular architecture of west of Guilan is the main reason of using all these solutions to use the environmental potential for providing comfort for its occupants, which are the main purposes of sustainable development. The research question is how the Guilan's historical architecture has been able to answer the weather conditions. In this research was performed by analysing appropriate climatic solutions in the vernacular architecture of west of Guilan. The methodology based on a Qualitative–interpretative approach was applied. Their location, formation and different functions are investigated. According to this issue, porches and balconies provide best solutions for weather balance conditions in summer and winter and climate comfort.
Mehrinejad Khotbehsara, E., Purshaban, F., Noormousavi Nasab, S., Baghaei Daemei, A., Eghbal Yakhdani, P., & Vali, R. (2018). Traditional Climate Responsible Solutions in Iranian Ancient Architecture in Humid Region. Civil Engineering Journal, 4(10), 2502–2512. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-03091176
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[32] ÇELEBÄ°, Gülser. "Environmental discourse and conceptual framework for sustainable architecture." Gazi University Journal of Science 16, no. 1 (2003): 205-216.
[33] Tahbaz, M., Jalilian, Sh. Architectural principles of harmony with the climate in the approach to the architecture of the mosque. Shahid Beheshti University Publication, Tehran, Iran, (2008). 9789644571398
[34] Jafari, Meisam, Hamid Majedi, Seyed Masoud Monavari, Ali Asghar Alesheikh, and Mirmasoud Kheirkhah Zarkesh. "Dynamic Simulation of Urban Expansion through a CA-Markov Model Case Study: Hyrcanian Region, Gilan, Iran.” European Journal of Remote Sensing 49, no. 1 (January 2016): 513–529. doi:10.5721/eujrs20164927.
[35] Zomarshidi, H. Iran's architecture, implementation of building with traditional materials, Zomorod Publication, Pages, Tehran, iran, (2013).
[36] Memarian, G. "Introduction to House typology in Iran, Courtyard houses." Iran University of Science and technology (1994)."
[37] Naqinezhad, A., A. Ghahreman, and M. Assadi. "Some new record species for the flora of Iran as well as ecological and phytogeographical notes." Iran J Bot 11 (2005): 89-95.
[38] Ghobadian, V. Climate study of traditional buildings of Iran, Tehran University Publication: Tehran, Iran, (2013). 9789640338735
[39] Rezazadeha, Narges, and Hossein Medib. "Thermal Behavior of Double Skin Facade in Terms of Energy Consumption in the Climate of North of Iran-Rasht." Space Ontology International Journal 6, no. 4 (2017): 41-56.
[40] Miryousefi, P. "Rural Eco-Museums: Tourism Development Based on Sustained Development Models.” The Sustainable World (September 30, 2010). doi:10.2495/sw100621.
[41] Khakpour, M. Construction of nice houses in Guilan. Journal of beautiful arts 25, (2005):24-54.
[42] Khakpour, M. Vernacular houses in villages of Guilan. Journal of beautiful arts 22, (2006): 63-72.
[43] Nicol, Fergus, Michael Humphreys, and Susan Roaf. Adaptive thermal comfort: Foundations and analysis. Routledge, 2015.
[44] Parsons, Ken. Human thermal environments: the effects of hot, moderate, and cold environments on human health, comfort, and performance. CRC press, 2014.
[45] Spagnolo, Jennifer, and Richard De Dear. "A field study of thermal comfort in outdoor and semi-outdoor environments in subtropical Sydney Australia." Building and environment 38, no. 5 (2003): 721-738. doi: 10.1016/S0360-1323(02)00209-3.
[2] Daemei, Abdollah Baghaei, Maryam Azmoodeh, Zahra Zamani, and Elham Mehrinejad Khotbehsara. "Experimental and simulation studies on the thermal behavior of vertical greenery system for temperature mitigation in urban spaces." Journal of Building Engineering 20 (2018): 277-284. doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2018.07.024
[3] Edwards, B. Rough guide to sustainability: A design primer. London: "RIBA Publishing, First Edition” (2014). 978-1859465073.
[4] Aflaki, Ardalan, Norhayati Mahyuddin, Zakaria Al-Cheikh Mahmoud, and Mohamad Rizal Baharum. "A review on natural ventilation applications through building façade components and ventilation openings in tropical climates." Energy and Buildings 101 (2015): 153-162. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.04.033.
[5] Khotbehsara, Elham Mehrinejad, Pegah Eghbal, and Sara Nourmusavi Nasab. "Porch and balcony as sustainable architecture factors in vernacular houses of west of Guilan: Case studies in Khotbehara, Iran." World Rural Observations 8 (2016): 48-56.
[6] Hui, S. C. M. "Sustainable building technologies for hot and humid climates." In Invited Paper for the Joint Hong Kong and Hangzhou Seminar for Sustainable Building, pp. 21-23. 2007.
[7] Givoni, Baruch. "Comfort, climate analysis and building design guidelines." Energy and buildings 18, no. 1 (1992): 11-23. doi:10.1016/0378-7788(92)90047-k.
[8] Motealleh, Parinaz, Maryam Zolfaghari, and Mojtaba Parsaee. "Investigating climate responsive solutions in vernacular architecture of Bushehr city." HBRC journal (2016). doi:10.1016/j.hbrcj.2016.08.001.
[9] Khakzand, Mehdi. "An Exploration of a Socio-Cultural Approach Using Significant Variables of Pattern Language amongst Iranian Experts of Environmental Design." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 13, no. 2 (2014): 295-302. doi:10.3130/jaabe.13.295.
[10] Alexander, C. The timeless way of building. Oxford University Press, New York, 1979. 978-0195024029
[11] Afshari, Hoda. "Design fundamentals in the hot and humid climate of Iran: the case of Khoramshahr." Asian Culture and History 4, no. 1 (2012): 65. doi:10.5539/ach.v4n1p65
[12] Sartipipour M. Rural housing indicators in Iran. In: Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba, University of Tehran, Tehran, 2005; 22, pp. 43–52.
[13] Mottaki, Zoheir, and Iman Amini. "Cultural Sustainability Patterns in Vernacular Architecture: A Case Study of Gilan, Iran." GSTF Journal of Engineering Technology (JET) 2, no. 1 (2017). doi:10.5176/2251-3701_2.1.41.
[14] Nia, Ensieh Ghorbani. "Architectural Structure and Environmental Performance of Sustainable Lahijan Vernacular Settlements, N Iran." International Journal of Environmental Protection 3, no. 1 (2013): 15.
[15] Kakouei, M., Kakouei, M., Suberamanian, K., Kahn, S. M., Jahangirzadeh, A., & Akib, S. (2012, November). Masouleh: A City; A History. In Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (WASET), (2012): 71- 491.
[16] Foroughi, Reza. "Climate-responsive Strategies in Vernacular Houses in Northern Iran (Gilan)." International Journal of the Constructed Environment 8, no. 2 (2016). doi:10.18848/2154-8587/cgp/v08i02/15-26.
[17] Daneshjou, Khosro, and Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani. "A comparative study of vernacular architecture compatible with mild and humid weather in Gilan's Western plains (Case study: Gasht, Shalma and Gilandeh villages)." International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development 7, no. 3 (2017): 9-16.
[18] Ghasemi, Farid. "Clean Energy Efficiency of Vernacular-Traditional Architectural Indicators for the Development of Sustainable Tourism." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 3 (2017): 250. doi:10.5539/jsd.v10n3p250
[19] Jalili, Tooraj, and Arezo Azar. "Study of indigenous patterns of climate in traditional architecture of north of iran in order to develop the concept of sustainability in the field of contemporary (case study: architecture of Gilan, Iran province)." Journal of Current Research in Science 2 (2016): 131.
[20] Keeble, B. R. The Brundtland report:‘Our common future'. Medicine and War (1988); 4: 17-25.
[21] London Department of the Environment, T. A. T. R. Building a Better Quality of Life: a Strategy for More Sustainable Construction. Department of the Environment, T. A. T. R. L. (Ed.). DETR, London (2000).
[22] Newman, Lenore, and Ann Dale. "The role of agency in sustainable local community development." Local environment 10, no. 5 (2005): 477-486. doi:10.1080/13549830500203121.
[23] Huang, Zishuo, Hang Yu, Zhenwei Peng, and Mei Zhao. "Methods and tools for community energy planning: A review." Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 42 (2015): 1335-1348. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.042
[24] Soflaei, Farzaneh, Mehdi Shokouhian, and Amir Soflaei. "Traditional courtyard houses as a model for sustainable design: A case study on BWhs mesoclimate of Iran." Frontiers of Architectural Research 6, no. 3 (2017): 329-345. doi:10.1016/j.foar.2017.04.004.
[25] Yuan, W., P. James, K. Hodgson, S. M. Hutchinson, and C. Shi. "Development of sustainability indicators by communities in China: a case study of Chongming County, Shanghai." Journal of Environmental Management 68, no. 3 (2003): 253-261. doi:10.1016/S0301-4797(03)00063-X.
[26] Hsueh, Sung-Lin, and Min-Ren Yan. "Enhancing sustainable community developments a multi-criteria evaluation model for energy efficient project selection." Energy Procedia 5 (2011): 135-144. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.025
[27] Munasinghe, M. Climate change and sustainable development linkages: Points of departure from the ipcc tar. Integrated SD and CC in the IPCC AR4, Geneva, (2007).
[28] Carpentier, Sally, Mridula Nath Chakraborty, Margaret Daymond, Michael Griffiths, Philip Holden, Dougal McNeill, Grace Musila et al. "XVIII New Literatures." The Year's Work in English Studies 94, no. 1 (2015): 1099-1233.
[29] Harris, Jonathan M. "Sustainability and sustainable development." International Society for Ecological Economics 1, no. 1 (2003): 1-12.
[30] Zhang, Q., & Crooks, R. Toward an environmentally sustainable future: Country environmental analysis of the People's Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, (2012). 978-92-9092-712-9.
[31] Dernbach, J. C., Salkin, P. E., & Brown, D. A.. "Sustainability as a Means of Improving Environmental Justice." J. Envtl. & Sustainability L. 19 (2012): 1.
[32] ÇELEBÄ°, Gülser. "Environmental discourse and conceptual framework for sustainable architecture." Gazi University Journal of Science 16, no. 1 (2003): 205-216.
[33] Tahbaz, M., Jalilian, Sh. Architectural principles of harmony with the climate in the approach to the architecture of the mosque. Shahid Beheshti University Publication, Tehran, Iran, (2008). 9789644571398
[34] Jafari, Meisam, Hamid Majedi, Seyed Masoud Monavari, Ali Asghar Alesheikh, and Mirmasoud Kheirkhah Zarkesh. "Dynamic Simulation of Urban Expansion through a CA-Markov Model Case Study: Hyrcanian Region, Gilan, Iran.” European Journal of Remote Sensing 49, no. 1 (January 2016): 513–529. doi:10.5721/eujrs20164927.
[35] Zomarshidi, H. Iran's architecture, implementation of building with traditional materials, Zomorod Publication, Pages, Tehran, iran, (2013).
[36] Memarian, G. "Introduction to House typology in Iran, Courtyard houses." Iran University of Science and technology (1994)."
[37] Naqinezhad, A., A. Ghahreman, and M. Assadi. "Some new record species for the flora of Iran as well as ecological and phytogeographical notes." Iran J Bot 11 (2005): 89-95.
[38] Ghobadian, V. Climate study of traditional buildings of Iran, Tehran University Publication: Tehran, Iran, (2013). 9789640338735
[39] Rezazadeha, Narges, and Hossein Medib. "Thermal Behavior of Double Skin Facade in Terms of Energy Consumption in the Climate of North of Iran-Rasht." Space Ontology International Journal 6, no. 4 (2017): 41-56.
[40] Miryousefi, P. "Rural Eco-Museums: Tourism Development Based on Sustained Development Models.” The Sustainable World (September 30, 2010). doi:10.2495/sw100621.
[41] Khakpour, M. Construction of nice houses in Guilan. Journal of beautiful arts 25, (2005):24-54.
[42] Khakpour, M. Vernacular houses in villages of Guilan. Journal of beautiful arts 22, (2006): 63-72.
[43] Nicol, Fergus, Michael Humphreys, and Susan Roaf. Adaptive thermal comfort: Foundations and analysis. Routledge, 2015.
[44] Parsons, Ken. Human thermal environments: the effects of hot, moderate, and cold environments on human health, comfort, and performance. CRC press, 2014.
[45] Spagnolo, Jennifer, and Richard De Dear. "A field study of thermal comfort in outdoor and semi-outdoor environments in subtropical Sydney Australia." Building and environment 38, no. 5 (2003): 721-738. doi: 10.1016/S0360-1323(02)00209-3.
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