Nonlinear Deterministic Study of Seismic Microzoning of a City in North of Algeria
Abstract
This paper presents also an overview of seismic microzonation studies of the city of Mohammadia-Algiers, which are important for a detailed ground movement modeling of urban cities. According to the seismic history of the city, one extraordinary earthquake event has been taken into consideration is Boumerdes earthquake (Algeria, May 21, 2003, magnitude Mw=6.5), that caused a huge damage. Thereby, the variability prediction of the seismic ground movement in a given built-up area, it is considered as an effective tool for planning appropriate urban development and understanding both seismic risk and damage pattern, caused by a strong movement event. We note that the shaking level is mainly described in terms of both maximum ground acceleration and visualized amplification by using response spectra. The study is carried out in two steps: - a detailed mapping of the geology and geotechnical properties of the area - numerical modeling of expected ground motions during earthquakes. A qualitative microzonation of the Mohammadia-Algiers city is presented, and it is discussed by comparing it to the historically reported damage of the 2003 Boumerdes earthquake. Finally, this study deals with the seismic microzonation map development, based on a SIG geological model.
Keywords
References
Miniati, Mara. “Emanuela Guidoboni, Catalogue of Ancient Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Area up to the 10th Century, Rome, Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica, 1994, 504 Pp., Ill.” Nuncius 10, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 879–880. doi:10.1163/221058785x01371.
Ouyed, M., Yielding, G., Hatzfeld, D., and King, G. C. P.“An Aftershock Study of the El Asnam (Algeria) Earthquake of 1980 October 10.” Geophysical Journal International 73, no. 3 (June 1, 1983): 605–639. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1983.tb03335.x.
Benhallou, H.. “Les Catastrophes sismiques de la région d'Echelif dans le contexte de la sismicité historique de l'Algérie.”(1985).
Meghraoui M. “Géologie des zones sismiques du Nord de l’Algérie: Paléo sismologie, Tectonique active et Synthe`se Sismotectonique.” Ph.D. Thesis, Univiversité de Paris XI, France, 1988.
Deschamps, A., M. Bezzeghoud, and A. Bounif. "Seismological study of the Constantine (Algeria) earthquake (27 October 1985)." Seismicity, seismotectonics and seismic risk of the Ibero-Maghrebian region 8 (1991): 163-173.
Meghraoui, M. “Blind Reverse Faulting System Associated with the Mont Chenoua-Tipaza Earthquake of 29 October 1989 (north-Central Algeria).” Terra Nova 3, no. 1 (January 1991): 84–92. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1991.tb00847.x.
Benouar, D. "Seismic hazard evaluation at Algiers using Benouar's earthquake catalogue." Natural hazards 13.2 (1996): 119-131. doi: 10.1007/bf00138479.
Yelles -chaouche, A. K., Djellit, H., Beldjoudi, H., Bezzeghoud, M., and Buforn, E. “The Ain Temouchent (Algeria) Earthquake of December 22nd, 1999.” Geodynamics of Azores-Tunisia (2004): 607–621. doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7899-9_8.
Beldjoudi, H., Delouis, B., Djellit, H., Yelles-Chaouche, A., Gharbi, S., and Abacha, I. “The Beni-Ilmane (Algeria) Seismic Sequence of May 2010: Seismic Sources and Stress Tensor Calculations.” Tectonophysics 670 (February 2016): 101–114. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2015.12.021.
Delouis, B. “Slip Distribution of the 2003 Boumerdes-Zemmouri Earthquake, Algeria, from Teleseismic, GPS, and Coastal Uplift Data.” Geophysical Research Letters 31, no. 18 (2004). doi:10.1029/2004gl020687.
Semmane, F. “Fault Location and Source Process of the Boumerdes, Algeria, Earthquake Inferred from Geodetic and Strong Motion Data.” Geophysical Research Letters 32, no. 1 (2005). doi:10.1029/2004gl021268.
Belabbès, S., Wicks, C., Çakir, Z., and Meghraoui, M. “Rupture Parameters of the 2003 Zemmouri (Mw6.8), Algeria, Earthquake from Joint Inversion of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Coastal Uplift, and GPS.” Journal of Geophysical Research 114, no. B3 (March 20, 2009). doi:10.1029/2008jb005912.
Hamidatou, M., and Sbartai, B. “Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment in the Constantine Region, Northeast of Algeria.” Arabian Journal of Geosciences 10, no. 6 (March 2017). doi:10.1007/s12517-017-2876-5.
Ghaboussi, J. “Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering. Edited by C. S. Desai and J. T. Christian. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1977. No. of Pages: 783.” International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3, no. 3 (July 1979): 303–303. doi:10.1002/nag.1610030310.
Ashford, S. A., Sitar, N., Lysmer, J., and Deng, N. "Topographic effects on the seismic response of steep slopes." Bulletin of the seismological society of America 87.3 (1997): 701-709.
Tezcan, S. S., Kaya, E., Engin Bal, İ., and Özdemir, Z. “Seismic Amplification at Avcılar, Istanbul.” Engineering Structures 24, no. 5 (May 2002): 661–667. doi:10.1016/s0141-0296(02)00002-0.
Assimaki, D., Li, W., Steidl, J. H., and Tsuda, K. “Site Amplification and Attenuation via Downhole Array Seismogram Inversion: A Comparative Study of the 2003 Miyagi-Oki Aftershock Sequence.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 98, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 301–330. doi:10.1785/0120070030.
Alitalesh, M., Shahnazari, H., and Baziar, M. H. “Parametric Study on Seismic Topography–Soil–Structure Interaction; Topographic Effect.” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 36, no. 4 (February 8, 2018): 2649–2666. doi:10.1007/s10706-018-0489-8.
Hamidatou, M., and Sbartai, B.“Deterministic Assessment of Seismic Risk in Constantine City, Northeast Algeria.” Natural Hazards 86, no. S2 (December 5, 2016): 441–464. doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2693-2.
Riga, E., Karatzetzou, A., Mara, A., and Pitilakis, K. “Uncertainties in Seismic Risk Assessment at Urban Scale. The Case of Thessaloniki, Greece.” Procedia Environmental Sciences 38 (2017): 340–347. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.090.
Abo El Ezz, A., Smirnoff, A., Nastev, M., Nollet, M.-J., and McGrath, H. “ER2-Earthquake: Interactive Web-Application for Urban Seismic Risk Assessment.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 34 (March 2019): 326–336. doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.12.022.
Slob, S., Hack, R., Scarpas, T., van Bemmelen, B., and Duque, A. "A methodology for seismic microzonation using GIS and SHAKE—a case study from Armenia, Colombia." Engineering Geology for Developing Countries-Proceedings of 9th Congress of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment., Durban, South Africa. 2002.
Iyengar, R. N., and Ghosh, S. "Microzonation of earthquake hazard in greater Delhi area." Current Science 87.9 (2004): 1193-1202.
Bansal, B. K., and Vandana, C. "Microzonation studies in India: DST initiatives." Proceedings of Workshop on Microzonation, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore. 2007.
Papadimitriou, A. G., Antoniou, A. A., Bouckovalas, G. D., and Marinos, P. G. “Methodology for Automated GIS-Aided Seismic Microzonation Studies.” Computers and Geotechnics 35, no. 4 (July 2008): 505–523. doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2007.10.001.
Yasuda, S., Nagase, H., and Tanoue, Y. “microzonation for seismic geotechnical hazards and actual damage during the 2005 fukuoka-ken seiho-oki earthquake.” soils and foundations 51, no. 2 (2011): 215–226. doi:10.3208/sandf.51.215.
Altun, S., Sezer, A., and Burak Göktepe, A. “A Preliminary Microzonation Study on Northern Coasts of Izmir: Investigation of the Local Soil Conditions.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 39 (August 2012): 37–49. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.02.006.
Pelekis, P. C., and Athanasopoulos, G. A. “Seismic Microzonation of Chania, Crete (Greece) Based on SASW Measurements and Non-Linear Site Response Analyses.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 53 (October 2013): 145–159. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.06.013.
Bozorgnia, Y., and Bertero, V. (Eds.). “Earthquake Engineering” (May 11, 2004). doi:10.1201/9780203486245.
Borcherdt, R. D. "Effects of local geology on ground motion near San Francisco Bay." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 60.1 (1970): 29-61.
Marinos, P., Bouckovalas, G., Tsiambaos, G., Sabatakakis, N., and Antoniou, A. “Ground Zoning Against Seismic Hazard in Athens, Greece.” Engineering Geology 62, no. 4 (December 2001): 343–356. doi:10.1016/s0013-7952(01)00035-7.
Monaco, P., and Amoroso, S. “Site Effects from the Building Scale to the Seismic Microzonation Scale: Examples from the Experience of L’Aquila.” Procedia Engineering 158 (2016): 517–522. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.482.
Brune, J. N., and Anooshehpoor, A. “Foam Rubber Modeling of the Lotung Large‐Scale Seismic Experiment.” Earthquake Spectra 7, no. 2 (May 1991): 165–178. doi:10.1193/1.1585624.
Lee, V. W., Manić, M. I., Bulajić, B. Ð., Herak, D., Herak, M., and Trifunac, M. D. “Microzonation of Banja Luka for Performance-Based Earthquake-Resistant Design.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 78 (November 2015): 71–88. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.06.035.
Grasso, S., and Maugeri, M. “Seismic Microzonation Studies for the City of Ragusa (Italy).” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 56 (January 2014): 86–97. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.10.004.
Bekler, T., Demirci, A., Ekinci, Y. L., and Büyüksaraç, A. “Analysis of Local Site Conditions through Geophysical Parameters at a City Under Earthquake Threat: Çanakkale, NW Turkey.” Journal of Applied Geophysics 163 (April 2019): 31–39. doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.02.009.
Panzera, F., Lombardo, G., Imposa, S., Grassi, S., Gresta, S., Catalano, S., … Di Maio, E. “Correlation Between Earthquake Damage and Seismic Site Effects: The Study Case of Lentini and Carlentini, Italy.” Engineering Geology 240 (June 2018): 149–162. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.04.014.
Fat-Helbary, R. E.-S., El-Faragawy, K. O., and Hamed, A. “Application of HVSR Technique in the Site Effects Estimation at the South of Marsa Alam City, Egypt.” Journal of African Earth Sciences 154 (June 2019): 89–100. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.03.015.
Louis Glangeaud, M. “Les États de La Matière Dans La Pétrogénèse Profonde.” Experientia 3, no. 1 (January 1947): 1–11. doi:10.1007/bf02155109.
Aymé A., Carte géologique at 1/50 000 d’Alger. Feuille n° 23, Service de la Carte Géologique de l’Algérie, (1964).
Fernandes, R. M. S., Ambrosius, B. A. C., Noomen, R., Bastos, L., Wortel, M. J. R., Spakman, W., and Govers, R. “The Relative Motion Between Africa and Eurasia as Derived from ITRF2000 and GPS Data.” Geophysical Research Letters 30, no. 16 (August 2003). doi:10.1029/2003gl017089.
McClusky, S., Reilinger, R., Mahmoud, S., Ben Sari, D., and Tealeb, A. “GPS Constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia Plate Motions.” Geophysical Journal International 155, no. 1 (October 2003): 126–138. doi:10.1046/j.1365-246x.2003.02023.x.
Nocquet, J.-M., and Calais, E. “Geodetic Measurements of Crustal Deformation in the Western Mediterranean and Europe.” Pure and Applied Geophysics 161, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 661–681. doi:10.1007/s00024-003-2468-z.
Stich, D., Serpelloni, E., de Lis Mancilla, F., and Morales, J. “Kinematics of the Iberia–Maghreb Plate Contact from Seismic Moment Tensors and GPS Observations.” Tectonophysics 426, no. 3–4 (November 2006): 295–317. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2006.08.004.
Fernández-Ibáñez, F., Soto, J. I., Zoback, M. D., and Morales, J. “Present-Day Stress Field in the Gibraltar Arc (western Mediterranean).” Journal of Geophysical Research 112, no. B8 (August 1, 2007). doi:10.1029/2006jb004683.
Bounif, A. “The 21 May 2003 Zemmouri (Algeria) Earthquake Mw 6.8: Relocation and Aftershock Sequence Analysis.” Geophysical Research Letters 31, no. 19 (2004). doi:10.1029/2004gl020586.
Rothé, J. P., Dechevoy, N., and Seltzer, P. Les séismes de Kerrata et la séismicité de l'Algérie. Pauc, 1950.
Ishihara, K., and Kamata, T. “Geotechnical Damage in the Downstream Reaches of the Tone River in the 2011 East Japan Earthquake.” Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering (2015): 1–31. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10786-8_1.
Mishra, S., and Robinson, R. G. “Laboratory Investigation on Quasi-Static Penetration Testing Using SPT Sampler in Soft Clay Bed.” Geotechnical Testing Journal 42, no. 4 (September 14, 2018): 20170127. doi:10.1520/gtj20170127.
Güllü, H. “Discussion on ‘Shear Wave Velocity and Soil Type Microzonation Using Neural Networks and Geographic Information System’ [Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 104 (2018) 54–63].” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 108 (May 2018): 203–204. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.02.018.
Bajaj, K., and Anbazhagan, P. “Seismic Site Classification and Correlation Between VS and SPT-N for Deep Soil Sites in Indo-Gangetic Basin.” Journal of Applied Geophysics 163 (April 2019): 55–72. doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.02.011.
Anbazhagan, P., Sitharam, T. G., and Aditya, P. "Correlation between low strain shear modulus and standard penetration test ‘N’values." (2010).
Kanlı, A. I., Tildy, P., Prónay, Z., Pınar, A., and Hermann, L. “VS30mapping and Soil Classification for Seismic Site Effect Evaluation in Dinar Region, SW Turkey.” Geophysical Journal International 165, no. 1 (April 2006): 223–235. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.2006.02882.x.
Benjumea, B., Hunter, J. A., Pullan, S. E., Brooks, G. R., Pyne, M., and Aylsworth, J. M. “Vs30 and Fundamental Site Period Estimates in Soft Sediments of the Ottawa Valley from Near-Surface Geophysical Measurements.” Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 313–323. doi:10.2113/jeeg13.4.313.
Lee, V. W., and Trifunac, M. D. “Should Average Shear-Wave Velocity in the Top 30m of Soil Be Used to Describe Seismic Amplification?” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 30, no. 11 (November 2010): 1250–1258. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.05.007.
Savvaidis, A., Makra, K., Klimis, N., Zargli, E., Kiratzi, A., and Theodoulidis, N. “Comparison of V S30 Using Measured, Assigned and Proxy Values in Three Cities of Northern Greece.” Engineering Geology 239 (May 2018): 63–78. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.03.003.
Liu, W., Chen, Q., Wang, C., Juang, C. H., and Chen, G. “Spatially Correlated Multiscale VS30 Mapping and a Case Study of the Suzhou Site.” Engineering Geology 220 (March 2017): 110–122. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.01.026.
Forte, G., Chioccarelli, E., De Falco, M., Cito, P., Santo, A., and Iervolino, I. “Seismic Soil Classification of Italy Based on Surface Geology and Shear-Wave Velocity Measurements.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 122 (July 2019): 79–93. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.04.002.
IBC, ICC. "International building code." International Code Council, Inc.(formerly BOCA, ICBO and SBCCI) 4051 (2006): 60478-5795.
Motazedian, D., Hunter, J. A., Pugin, A., and Crow, H. “Development of a Vs30 (NEHRP) Map for the City of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 3 (March 2011): 458–472. doi:10.1139/t10-081.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. NEHRP recommended provisions for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures. Fema, 2003.
“Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance” (n.d.). doi:10.3403/03244372u.
" RPA : Algerian Seismic Regulations RPA 99-Version 2003" CGS, Algeria.
Puri, N., Jain, A., Mohanty, P., and Bhattacharya, S. “Earthquake Response Analysis of Sites in State of Haryana Using DEEPSOIL Software.” Procedia Computer Science 125 (2018): 357–366. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2017.12.047.
Idriss, I. M., and Sun, J. I.. "User’s Manual for SHAKE91." Center for Geotechnical Modeling, Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, Davis (1992).
Yoshida, N., Kobayashi, S., Suetomi, I., and Miura, K. “Equivalent Linear Method Considering Frequency Dependent Characteristics of Stiffness and Damping.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 22, no. 3 (April 2002): 205–222. doi:10.1016/s0267-7261(02)00011-8.
Wald, L. A. “Evaluation of Methods for Estimating Linear Site-Response Amplifications in the Los Angeles Region.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 90, no. 6B (December 1, 2000): S32–S42. doi:10.1785/0119970170.
DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091370
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Badreddine Bousbia, Badreddine Sbartai
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
