Evaluation of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement by Waste Marble Powder

Mushraf Majeed, Anwar Khitab, Waqas Anwar, Raja Bilal Nasar Khan, Affan Jalil, Zeesshan Tariq

Abstract


This study aims to evaluate concrete having Waste Marble Powder (WMP) as partial replacement of cement. Marble is the metamorphic form of limestone (CaCO3) and WMP was chosen as substitute of cement on account of its high calcium oxide content. WMP is by-product of marble industry and is an environmental burden. The manufacturing of cement is also environmentally hazardous owing to emission of greenhouse gases. Thus, the recycling of WMP in place of cement in concrete offers two ecological advantages. Thirdly, WMP has a specific gravity of 2.6 against that of 3.15 for cement, which reduces the weight of the finished products. Based on the previous studies, five different concrete mixes were prepared having 0, 5, 10, 15 and 15% replacement levels. The samples were evaluated both through destructive and non-destructive tests.  Destructive tests included compressive, tensile and flexural strengths, whereas non-destructive tests comprised of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and rebound hammer. It was observed that the workability decreases with WMP inclusion owing to its higher water absorption, which inhibits lubrication of cement particles. The concrete strength improves up to a replacement level of 10% by mass of cement on account of densification created by the finer WMP and un-hydrated cement particles, which act as hard inclusions. Beyond 10%, the concrete strength starts declining due to insufficient quantity of cement matrix, binding the WMP particles. Schmidt rebound numbers authenticate the compressive strength results: The number increases up to 10% replacement level and beyond 10% it decreases. The results of UPV indicate that the velocity increases with increase in WMP content: The increase is attributed to compactness of the composite with finer WMP particles.

 

Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091637

Full Text: PDF


Keywords


Concrete; Cement; Waste Marble Powder; Destructive Testing; Non-destructive Testing; Optimum Value.

References


Gupta, Monika Shekhar. "Sustainable Concrete Production through Use of Marble Powder as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Mix." International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing (2017): 15505–15507.

Şahan Arel, Hasan. “Recyclability of Waste Marble in Concrete Production.” Journal of Cleaner Production 131 (September 2016): 179–188. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.052.

Jalil, Affan, Anwar Khitab, Hamza Ishtiaq, Syed Hassan Bukhari, Muhammad Tausif Arshad, and Waqas Anwar. “Evaluation of Steel Industrial Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete.” Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 181. doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091236.

Khan, Raja Bilal Nasar, and Anwar Khitab. "Enhancing Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Rubberized Concrete." Engineering and Technology Quarterly Reviews 3, no. 1 (2020): 33–45. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3852541.

Munir, Muhammad Junaid, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Anwar Khitab, and Muhammad Hassan. "Utilization of rice husk ash to mitigate alkali silica reaction in concrete." In Proceedings of 2nd International Multi-disciplinary Conference, vol. 19, (2016): 20.

Abubakr, M., Khitab, A., Sadiq, S., Anwar, W., Tayyeb, S.: “Evaluation of Ordinary Concrete Having Ceramic Waste Powder as Partial Replacement of Cement.” In: International Conference on Sustainable Development, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan (2019): 1-4.

Kore, Sudarshan D., and A.K. Vyas. “Impact of Marble Waste as Coarse Aggregate on Properties of Lean Cement Concrete.” Case Studies in Construction Materials 4 (June 2016): 85–92. doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2016.01.002.

Khitab, A., Anwar, W.: “Classical Building Materials.” In: Advanced Research on Nanotechnology for Civil Engineering Applications, IGI Global (2016): 1-27.

Sounthararajan, V. M., and A. Sivakumar. "Effect of the lime content in marble powder for producing high strength concrete." ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 8, no. 4 (2013): 260-264.

Binici, Hanifi, Hasan Kaplan, and Salih Yilmaz. "Influence of marble and limestone dusts as additives on some mechanical properties of concrete." Scientific Research and Essays 2, no. 9 (2007): 372-379. doi:10.5897/SRE.9000594.

Corinaldesi, Valeria, Giacomo Moriconi, and Tarun R. Naik. “Characterization of Marble Powder for Its Use in Mortar and Concrete.” Construction and Building Materials 24, no. 1 (January 2010): 113–117. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.013.

Rao, B. Krishna. "Study on marble powder as partial replacement of cement in normal compacting concrete." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) 13, no. 4 (2016): 01-05. doi:10.9790/1684-1304030105.

Pathan, Veena G., and Md Gulfam Pathan. "Feasibility and Need of use of Waste Marble Powder in Concrete Production." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (2014): 23-26.

Munir, Muhammad J., Safeer Abbas, Moncef L. Nehdi, Syed M. S. Kazmi, and Anwar Khitab. “Development of Eco-Friendly Fired Clay Bricks Incorporating Recycled Marble Powder.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 30, no. 5 (May 2018): 04018069. doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002259.

Ahmed, Salman, Anwar Khitab, Khalid Mehmood, and Seemab Tayyab. “Green Non-Load Bearing Concrete Blocks Incorporating Industrial Wastes.” SN Applied Sciences 2, no. 2 (January 24, 2020). doi:10.1007/s42452-020-2043-6.

Wanna, Surachet, Warangkana Saengsoy, Pisanu Toochinda, and Somnuk Tangtermsirikul. “Effects of Sand Powder on Sulfuric Acid Resistance, Compressive Strength, Cost Benefits, and CO2 Reduction of High CaO Fly Ash Concrete.” Edited by Shengwen Tang. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (December 27, 2020): 1–12. doi:10.1155/2020/3284975.

ASTM C143/C143M: Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete., West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania United States (2015). doi:10.1520/C0143_C0143M-15A.

Lee, Kyung-Ho, Keun-Hyeok Yang, Ju-Hyun Mun, and Nguyen Van Tuan. “Effect of Sand Content on the Workability and Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Bottom Ash and Dredged Soil-Based Artificial Lightweight Aggregates.” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 13, no. 1 (January 29, 2019). doi:10.1186/s40069-018-0306-z.

Salau, M A, and A O Busari. “Effect of Different Coarse Aggregate Sizes on the Strength Characteristics of Laterized Concrete.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 96 (November 2, 2015): 012079. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/96/1/012079.

ASTM C39: “ASTM C39: Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.” ASTM International (2015): 1–7. doi:10.1520/C0039.

Khitab, A.: "Materials of Construction." Allied Books, Lahore, Pakistan (2012).

Falade, F. “Influence of Water/cement Ratios and Mix Proportions on Workability and Characteristic Strength of Concrete Containing Laterite Fine Aggregate.” Building and Environment 29, no. 2 (January 1994): 237–240. doi:10.1016/0360-1323(94)90073-6.

Hewlett, P.C., Liska, M. “Lea’s Chemistry of Cement and Concrete.” Butterworth-Heinemann, Elsevier (2019). doi:10.1016/C2013-0-19325-7.

Luo, Fu Jia, Li He, Zhu Pan, Wen Hui Duan, Xiao Ling Zhao, and Frank Collins. “Effect of Very Fine Particles on Workability and Strength of Concrete Made with Dune Sand.” Construction and Building Materials 47 (October 2013): 131–137. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.005.

ASTM C496 / C496M-17: Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, West Conshohocken, PA (2017). doi:10.1520/C0496_C0496M-17.

ASTM C78/C78M: Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading). , West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania United States (2018).

Iloabachie, I., Obiorah, S., Ezema, I., Okpe, B., Chima, O., Chime, A.: “The effects of particle size on the flexural strength, tensile strength and water absorption properties of uncarbonized coconut shell /polyester composite.” International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Technology 1 (2017): 22–27.

Sadeghbeigi, R.: "Fluid Catalytic Cracking Handbook". Elsevier (2012). doi:10.1016/c2010-0-67291-9.

ASTM C805/C805M-18: Standard Test Method for Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete., West Conshohocken, PA (2018).

Hannachi, S., Guetteche, M.N.: “Review of the Rebound Hammer Method Estimating Concrete Compressive Strength on Site.” Proceedings of International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ICAACE’14) (2014): 118–127.

Gehlot, T., Sankhla, S.S., Gupta, A.: “Study of Concrete Quality Assessment of Structural Elements Using Rebound Hammer Test.” American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) 5 (2016): 192–198.

ASTM C597-09: Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity through Concrete. (2009). doi:10.1520/C0597-09.

Sutan, N. Mohamed, and M. Meganathan. "A Comparison between Direct and Indirect Method of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity in Detecting Concrete Defects." Journal of Nondestructive Testing 8, no. 5 (2003): 1-9.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091637

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2021 Anwar Khitab

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
x
Message