Study of Head Loss in Rapid Filtration with four River Sands
Abstract
In this work, we studied the filtration behavior, with regard to the head loss, of four calibrated Togo Rivers sands compared to that of a reference filter sand imported from Europe. The objective is to determine the suitability of local rivers sands as filter sands for water treatment plants. The sands were successively loaded into a filtration pilot and subjected, during at least 20 hours, to the filtration of water whose turbidity was maintained at around 20 NTU. The results show that the average deviations of the head loss profiles as a function of depth, calculated in relation to the head loss recorded on the reference sand, at the same filtration time t=20h, are small and vary from 2 cm to 8 cm. In the same way, the curves of the head loss as a function of time are quite close to the one observed for the reference sand. Examination of the clogging front after 20 hours of filtration reveals that the progression is either the same or greater and reached 20 cm in depth at the same time. This study can be extended to other rivers sand samples and by varying the turbidity and the filtration rate.
Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091682
Full Text: PDF
Keywords
References
Adeyemi, S. O. "Local materials as filter media in Nigeria." In IN: Pickford, J. and Ball, S.(eds). Water and waste engineering in Africa: Proceedings of the 6th WEDC International Conference, Zaria, Nigeria, pp. 153-156. WEDC, Loughborough University, (1980).
Jijingi, H. E., A. M. Ezekiel, and T. Adumbu. "The Suitability of River Benue and CHANCHAGA Sand as Filter Media." IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) 10, no. 7: 60-78.
K.E. Agbo, Y. M. X. D. Ayite, I. Pachoukova, “Assessment of Togolese rivers sands potential as filter sand for drinking water plants,” Res. J. Engineering Sci. 10, no. 1, (January 2021): 20-30.
Agbo K.E, Dany Ayite Y.M.X, Pachoukova I. “River sands used in South Togo physical characterization.” International Journal of Science & Healthcare Research 5, no. 2, (2020): 144-150.
Komitse E. Agbo, Yawovi M. X. Dany Ayite, Irina PAchoukova, Koffi-sa Bedja. “Physical Characterization of River Sands Used in Central and Northern Regions Togo,” Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 7, no. 5, (2020): 85-93.
NF EN 12904: Produits utilisés pour le traitement de l’eau destinée à la consommation humaine: sable et gravier de quartz.
NF X 45.401: Matériaux filtrants granulaires, Méthodes d’essai, Caractéristiques physico chimiques.
Adeyemi, S. O. "Development of Design and Operating Specification for Local Sand as Filtration Media." Nigeria Journal of Engineering 2, no. 5 (1984): 16-28.
Ives, K. J. "Testing of filter media." . Jour. Water Supply Research and Technology-Aqua (London) 39, no. 3 (1990): 144-151.
M. Liady, ''Filtration lente sur sable, modélisation de l’épuration selon un profil,'' 2iE, 1990. (Mémoire de master de fin d’étude)
NF X45-402. Décembre 1996. Matériaux filtrants granulaires - Méthodes d'essais - Caractéristiques fonctionnelles.
Ives, K. J. “Mathematical Models of Deep Bed Filtration.” The Scientific Basis of Filtration (1975): 203–224. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-3985-2_10.
Degrémont, "Manual técnico del agua" tercera edición española, ISBN 84-300-1651-1, (1973).
Boller, M.A., and M.C. Kavanaugh. “Particle Characteristics and Headloss Increase in Granular Media Filtration.” Water Research 29, no. 4 (April 1995): 1139–1149. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(94)00256-7.
Amini, F., and H.V. Truong. “Effect of Filter Media Particle Size Distribution on Filtration Efficiency.” Water Quality Research Journal 33, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 589–594. doi:10.2166/wqrj.1998.033.
M. Echavidre et al, "Efficacité de la filtration sur sable de l’eau potable," Série recherche et développement, CREATE, (1988).
Dominique Leclerc: Technique de l’Ingénieur : Filtration en profondeur-Aspects théoriques, (March 1998).
Mousbahou, Malam Alma Maman, Sadou Hassimi, and Abdelkader Lakel. "Etude de capacités filtrantes des matériaux." J. Soc. Ouest-Afr. Chim 23 (April 2007): 25-34.
Jusoh, Ahmad, Eng Giap S. Goh, A. Nora’aini, A. G. Halim, M. J. M. M. Noor, and M. P. Zakaria. “Comparative Performances of Single and Dual Media Filters of Sand and Burnt Oil Palm Shell.” Jurnal Teknologi 45(F), (January 20, 2012): 43-52. doi:10.11113/jt.v45.340.
Mackie, R.I., and Renbi Bai. “Suspended Particle Size Distribution and the Performance of Deep Bed Filters.” Water Research 26, no. 12 (December 1992): 1571–1575. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(92)90155-w.
Bilge Alpaslan Kocamemi. “Environmental Engineering Unit Operations,” Chapter 12: Filtration. Marmara University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey, (2019).
G. Keir, V. Jegatheesan and S. Vigneswaran. “Water and wastewater treatment technologies - Deep Bed Filtration: Modelling Theory and Practice.” School of Engineering, James Cook University, Australia, (2009).
Cleasby, John Leroy. "Selection of optimum filtration rates for sand filters." PhD Dissertation, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, United States, (1960). doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-1952.
Banejad, Hossein, R. Pirtaj Hamedany, and Navab Daneshi. "Evaluate of head loss, sediment value and iron removal in rapid sand filter." Journal of American science 6, no. 12 (2010): 1218-1226.
DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091682
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Komitse Edoh AGBO
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
