Influence of Highway Traffic on Contamination of Roadside Soil with Heavy Metals
Vol. 7 No. 8 (2021): August
Research Articles
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This study is one of the first works which examined the assessment of heavy metal contamination of pavement-side soils in Algeria. It deals with the section of National Highway 3 (RN3), which crosses the wilaya of Batna. In the environment of sampling sites there is no industry or dangerous activity on the environment, the heavy metals addressed in this study are (Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn), their origin being road traffic. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Determine the concentrations of heavy metals in road dust; (2) Identify the sources of different heavy metals in soils and road dust; (3) Exploring the extent of heavy metal pollution in neighbouring soils. To this end, 33 samples were collected, including 03 road dust and 30 soil samples over different distances from 1m to 80m. The samples were analyzed by FRX. Results indicated that concentrations in road dust were higher than in soil. The distribution of heavy metal concentrations in dust is Fe>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni, and the distribution in the ground is Fe>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr>Ni in the direction of Biskra and in the opposite direction and decreases away from the road, while the distribution in the central solid ground is Fe> Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn>Ni. Climatic conditions such as wind, rainfall, temperature, humidity and the nature of the terrain were also significantly related to their enrichment in these roadside soils. The enrichment factor (EF) and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were calculated, as well as all elements with a (EF) that ranges from moderate to high to extremely contaminated, reflecting the high anthropogenic load of these metals in the study area and the results of the Igéo accumulation indices confirm the results obtained for the enrichment factor (EF).
Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091736
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Abderrahmane, B., Naima, B., Tarek, M., & Abdelghani, M. (2021). Influence of Highway Traffic on Contamination of Roadside Soil with Heavy Metals. Civil Engineering Journal, 7(8), 1459–1471. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091736
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[4] Cheng, Hefa, and Yuanan Hu. "Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) as a Renewable Source of Energy: Current and Future Practices in China.” Bioresource Technology 101, no. 11 (June 2010): 3816–3824. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.040.
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[12] Bozdogan Sert, Elif, Musa Turkmen, and Mehmet Cetin. "Heavy Metal Accumulation in Rosemary Leaves and Stems Exposed to Traffic-Related Pollution Near Adana-Ä°skenderun Highway (Hatay, Turkey).” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 191, no. 9 (August 9, 2019). doi:10.1007/s10661-019-7714-7.
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[14] Fakayode, S. O., and B. I. Olu-Owolabi. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Roadside Topsoil in Osogbo, Nigeria: Its Relationship to Traffic Density and Proximity to Highways.” Environmental Geology 44, no. 2 (January 9, 2003): 150–157. doi:10.1007/s00254-002-0739-0.
[15] Imperato, M, P Adamo, D Naimo, M Arienzo, D Stanzione, and P Violante. "Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils of Naples City (Italy).” Environmental Pollution 124, no. 2 (July 2003): 247–256. doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00478-5.
[16] Xiao, Qing, Yutong Zong, Zaffar Malik, and Shenggao Lu. "Source Identification and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Road Dust of Steel Industrial City (Anshan), Liaoning, Northeast China.” Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 26, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 1359–1378. doi:10.1080/10807039.2019.1578946.
[17] Zamani Beidokhti, Majid, Seyed Taghi (Omid) Naeeni, and Mohammad Sajjad AbdiGhahroudi. "Biosorption of Nickel (II) from Aqueous Solutions onto Pistachio Hull Waste as a Low-Cost Biosorbent.” Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 2 (February 26, 2019): 447. doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091259.
[18] Chang, Shih-Hsien, Kai-Sung Wang, Hsuan-Fang Chang, Wan-Wen Ni, Bi-Ju Wu, Ruey-Hong Wong, and Hong-Shen Lee. "Comparison of Source Identification of Metals in Road-Dust and Soil.” Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 18, no. 5 (August 12, 2009): 669–683. doi:10.1080/15320380903085691.
[19] Kamani, Hossein, Nezam Mirzaei, Mansour Ghaderpoori, Edris Bazrafshan, Soheila Rezaei, and Amir Hossein Mahvi. "Concentration and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metal in Street Dusts of Eslamshahr, Iran.” Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 24, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 961–970. doi:10.1080/10807039.2017.1403282.
[20] Alsbou, Eid Musa Eid, and Omar Ali Al-Khashman. "Heavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Soil and Street Dust from Petra Region, Jordan.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 190, no. 1 (December 28, 2017). doi:10.1007/s10661-017-6409-1.
[21] Pan, H., Lu, X., & Lei, K. (2017). A comprehensive analysis of heavy metals in urban road dust of Xi'an, China: contamination, source apportionment and spatial distribution. Science of the Total Environment, 609, 1361-1369. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.004.
[22] Khan, M. Nasiruddin, Agha Arslan Wasim, Anila Sarwar, and M. Faisal Rasheed. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicants in the Roadside Soil Along the N-5, National Highway, Pakistan.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 182, no. 1–4 (February 19, 2011): 587–595. doi:10.1007/s10661-011-1899-8.
[23] Wu, Fangqi, Shaofei Kong, Qin Yan, Wei Wang, Haibiao Liu, Jian Wu, Huang Zheng, et al. "Sub-Type Source Profiles of Fine Particles for Fugitive Dust and Accumulative Health Risks of Heavy Metals: a Case Study in a Fast-Developing City of China.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 14 (March 3, 2020): 16554–16573. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08136-1.
[24] Al-Shidi, Hilal K., Hassan A. Al-Reasi, and Hameed Sulaiman. "Heavy Metals Levels in Road Dust from Muscat, Oman: Relationship with Traffic Volumes, and Ecological and Health Risk Assessments.” International Journal of Environmental Health Research (April 13, 2020): 1–13. doi:10.1080/09603123.2020.1751806.
[25] Ashbaugh, Lowell L, Omar F Carvacho, Michael S Brown, Judith C Chow, John G Watson, and Karen C Magliano. "Soil Sample Collection and Analysis for the Fugitive Dust Characterization Study.” Atmospheric Environment 37, no. 9–10 (March 2003): 1163–1173. doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)01022-1.
[26] Banerjee, Anju D.K. "Heavy Metal Levels and Solid Phase Speciation in Street Dusts of Delhi, India.” Environmental Pollution 123, no. 1 (May 2003): 95–105. doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00337-8.
[27] Khademi, Hossein, María Gabarrón, Ali Abbaspour, Silvia Martínez-Martínez, Angel Faz, and Jose A. Acosta. "Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial Activities on Heavy Metals Distribution in Street Dust and Soil.” Chemosphere 217 (February 2019): 695–705. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.045.
[28] Guo, Guanghui, Degang Zhang, Yuntao, and Wang. "Source Apportionment and Source-Specific Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Size-Fractionated Road Dust from a Typical Mining and Smelting Area, Gejiu, China.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 8 (November 3, 2020): 9313–9326. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11312-y.
[29] Sutherland, R. A. "Bed Sediment-Associated Trace Metals in an Urban Stream, Oahu, Hawaii.” Environmental Geology 39, no. 6 (April 18, 2000): 611–627. doi:10.1007/s002540050473.
[30] Hakanson, Lars. "An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control.a Sedimentological Approach.” Water Research 14, no. 8 (January 1980): 975–1001. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8.
[31] Gope, Manash, Reginald Ebhin Masto, Joshy George, Raza Rafiqul Hoque, and Srinivasan Balachandran. "Bioavailability and Health Risk of Some Potentially Toxic Elements (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in Street Dust of Asansol, India.” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 138 (April 2017): 231–241. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.008.
[32] Gasser, Theo, and Hans-Georg Müller. "Kernel Estimation of Regression Functions.” Smoothing Techniques for Curve Estimation (1979): 23–68. doi:10.1007/bfb0098489.
[2] Guney, Mert, Gerald J. Zagury, Nurten Dogan, and Turgut T. Onay. "Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization from Trace Elements Following Soil Ingestion by Children Exposed to Playgrounds, Parks and Picnic Areas.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 182, no. 1–3 (October 2010): 656–664. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.082.
[3] Yuen, J.Q., P.H. Olin, H.S. Lim, S.G. Benner, R.A. Sutherland, and A.D. Ziegler. "Accumulation of Potentially Toxic Elements in Road Deposited Sediments in Residential and Light Industrial Neighborhoods of Singapore.” Journal of Environmental Management 101 (June 2012): 151–163. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.11.017.
[4] Cheng, Hefa, and Yuanan Hu. "Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) as a Renewable Source of Energy: Current and Future Practices in China.” Bioresource Technology 101, no. 11 (June 2010): 3816–3824. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.040.
[5] Preciado, Humberto F., Loretta Y. Li, and Dominique Weis. "Investigation of Past and Present Multi-Metal Input Along Two Highways of British Columbia, Canada, Using Lead Isotopic Signatures.” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 184, no. 1–4 (May 22, 2007): 127–139. doi:10.1007/s11270-007-9402-4.
[6] Thorpe, Alistair, and Roy M. Harrison. "Sources and Properties of Non-Exhaust Particulate Matter from Road Traffic: A Review.” Science of The Total Environment 400, no. 1–3 (August 2008): 270–282. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.007.
[7] Wei, Binggan, and Linsheng Yang. "A Review of Heavy Metal Contaminations in Urban Soils, Urban Road Dusts and Agricultural Soils from China.” Microchemical Journal 94, no. 2 (March 2010): 99–107. doi:10.1016/j.microc.2009.09.014.
[8] Apeagyei, Eric, Michael S. Bank, and John D. Spengler. "Distribution of Heavy Metals in Road Dust Along an Urban-Rural Gradient in Massachusetts.” Atmospheric Environment 45, no. 13 (April 2011): 2310–2323. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.015.
[9] Gietl, Johanna K., Roy Lawrence, Alistair J. Thorpe, and Roy M. Harrison. "Identification of Brake Wear Particles and Derivation of a Quantitative Tracer for Brake Dust at a Major Road.” Atmospheric Environment 44, no. 2 (January 2010): 141–146. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.016.
[10] Gunawardana, Chandima, Ashantha Goonetilleke, Prasanna Egodawatta, Les Dawes, and Serge Kokot. "Source Characterisation of Road Dust Based on Chemical and Mineralogical Composition.” Chemosphere 87, no. 2 (April 2012): 163–170. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.012.
[11] Ho, Y.B., and K.M. Tai. "Elevated Levels of Lead and Other Metals in Roadside Soil and Grass and Their Use to Monitor Aerial Metal Depositions in Hong Kong.” Environmental Pollution 49, no. 1 (1988): 37–51. doi:10.1016/0269-7491(88)90012-7.
[12] Bozdogan Sert, Elif, Musa Turkmen, and Mehmet Cetin. "Heavy Metal Accumulation in Rosemary Leaves and Stems Exposed to Traffic-Related Pollution Near Adana-Ä°skenderun Highway (Hatay, Turkey).” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 191, no. 9 (August 9, 2019). doi:10.1007/s10661-019-7714-7.
[13] Pagotto, C., N. Rémy, M. Legret, and P. Le Cloirec. "Heavy Metal Pollution of Road Dust and Roadside Soil Near a Major Rural Highway.” Environmental Technology 22, no. 3 (March 2001): 307–319. doi:10.1080/09593332208618280.
[14] Fakayode, S. O., and B. I. Olu-Owolabi. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Roadside Topsoil in Osogbo, Nigeria: Its Relationship to Traffic Density and Proximity to Highways.” Environmental Geology 44, no. 2 (January 9, 2003): 150–157. doi:10.1007/s00254-002-0739-0.
[15] Imperato, M, P Adamo, D Naimo, M Arienzo, D Stanzione, and P Violante. "Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils of Naples City (Italy).” Environmental Pollution 124, no. 2 (July 2003): 247–256. doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00478-5.
[16] Xiao, Qing, Yutong Zong, Zaffar Malik, and Shenggao Lu. "Source Identification and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Road Dust of Steel Industrial City (Anshan), Liaoning, Northeast China.” Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 26, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 1359–1378. doi:10.1080/10807039.2019.1578946.
[17] Zamani Beidokhti, Majid, Seyed Taghi (Omid) Naeeni, and Mohammad Sajjad AbdiGhahroudi. "Biosorption of Nickel (II) from Aqueous Solutions onto Pistachio Hull Waste as a Low-Cost Biosorbent.” Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 2 (February 26, 2019): 447. doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091259.
[18] Chang, Shih-Hsien, Kai-Sung Wang, Hsuan-Fang Chang, Wan-Wen Ni, Bi-Ju Wu, Ruey-Hong Wong, and Hong-Shen Lee. "Comparison of Source Identification of Metals in Road-Dust and Soil.” Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal 18, no. 5 (August 12, 2009): 669–683. doi:10.1080/15320380903085691.
[19] Kamani, Hossein, Nezam Mirzaei, Mansour Ghaderpoori, Edris Bazrafshan, Soheila Rezaei, and Amir Hossein Mahvi. "Concentration and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metal in Street Dusts of Eslamshahr, Iran.” Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 24, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 961–970. doi:10.1080/10807039.2017.1403282.
[20] Alsbou, Eid Musa Eid, and Omar Ali Al-Khashman. "Heavy Metal Concentrations in Roadside Soil and Street Dust from Petra Region, Jordan.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 190, no. 1 (December 28, 2017). doi:10.1007/s10661-017-6409-1.
[21] Pan, H., Lu, X., & Lei, K. (2017). A comprehensive analysis of heavy metals in urban road dust of Xi'an, China: contamination, source apportionment and spatial distribution. Science of the Total Environment, 609, 1361-1369. doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.004.
[22] Khan, M. Nasiruddin, Agha Arslan Wasim, Anila Sarwar, and M. Faisal Rasheed. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicants in the Roadside Soil Along the N-5, National Highway, Pakistan.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 182, no. 1–4 (February 19, 2011): 587–595. doi:10.1007/s10661-011-1899-8.
[23] Wu, Fangqi, Shaofei Kong, Qin Yan, Wei Wang, Haibiao Liu, Jian Wu, Huang Zheng, et al. "Sub-Type Source Profiles of Fine Particles for Fugitive Dust and Accumulative Health Risks of Heavy Metals: a Case Study in a Fast-Developing City of China.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 14 (March 3, 2020): 16554–16573. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08136-1.
[24] Al-Shidi, Hilal K., Hassan A. Al-Reasi, and Hameed Sulaiman. "Heavy Metals Levels in Road Dust from Muscat, Oman: Relationship with Traffic Volumes, and Ecological and Health Risk Assessments.” International Journal of Environmental Health Research (April 13, 2020): 1–13. doi:10.1080/09603123.2020.1751806.
[25] Ashbaugh, Lowell L, Omar F Carvacho, Michael S Brown, Judith C Chow, John G Watson, and Karen C Magliano. "Soil Sample Collection and Analysis for the Fugitive Dust Characterization Study.” Atmospheric Environment 37, no. 9–10 (March 2003): 1163–1173. doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)01022-1.
[26] Banerjee, Anju D.K. "Heavy Metal Levels and Solid Phase Speciation in Street Dusts of Delhi, India.” Environmental Pollution 123, no. 1 (May 2003): 95–105. doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00337-8.
[27] Khademi, Hossein, María Gabarrón, Ali Abbaspour, Silvia Martínez-Martínez, Angel Faz, and Jose A. Acosta. "Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial Activities on Heavy Metals Distribution in Street Dust and Soil.” Chemosphere 217 (February 2019): 695–705. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.045.
[28] Guo, Guanghui, Degang Zhang, Yuntao, and Wang. "Source Apportionment and Source-Specific Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Size-Fractionated Road Dust from a Typical Mining and Smelting Area, Gejiu, China.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 8 (November 3, 2020): 9313–9326. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-11312-y.
[29] Sutherland, R. A. "Bed Sediment-Associated Trace Metals in an Urban Stream, Oahu, Hawaii.” Environmental Geology 39, no. 6 (April 18, 2000): 611–627. doi:10.1007/s002540050473.
[30] Hakanson, Lars. "An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control.a Sedimentological Approach.” Water Research 14, no. 8 (January 1980): 975–1001. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8.
[31] Gope, Manash, Reginald Ebhin Masto, Joshy George, Raza Rafiqul Hoque, and Srinivasan Balachandran. "Bioavailability and Health Risk of Some Potentially Toxic Elements (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in Street Dust of Asansol, India.” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 138 (April 2017): 231–241. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.008.
[32] Gasser, Theo, and Hans-Georg Müller. "Kernel Estimation of Regression Functions.” Smoothing Techniques for Curve Estimation (1979): 23–68. doi:10.1007/bfb0098489.
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