Determination of Resistance to Creep Permanent Deformation of Hot Mix Asphalts Prepared with Various Additives
Vol. 4 No. 7 (2018): July
Research Articles
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In this study, the resistance of hot mix asphalts containing different additives to the creep permanent deformation was investigated by the dynamic creep test. Four different additives were used in the study. Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), American Gilsonite (AG), and Iranian Gilsonite (IG) were used for modifying the bitumen. Additionally, the same mixtures were prepared by using 2% hydrated lime as filler. The samples were subjected to dynamic creep test at 50°C under 500 kPa stress level. As a result of the tests performed, it has been determined that all of the additives used in the study improve the resistance to the creep permanent deformation. It has also been determined that the use of bitumen additives is more effective than the use of lime. Furthermore, it has been determined that the most effective additive is IG while the least effective additive is SBS, and hydrated lime use is more effective compared to the mixtures prepared with a neat binder.
Yalçın, E., Çeloğlu, M. E., Yılmaz, M., Kök, B. V., & Alataş, T. (2018). Determination of Resistance to Creep Permanent Deformation of Hot Mix Asphalts Prepared with Various Additives. Civil Engineering Journal, 4(7), 1553–1564. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309194
[1] Yilmaz, M., and Çeloğlu, M.E. "Effects of SBS and Different Natural Asphalts on the Properties of Bituminous Binders and Mixtures.” Construction and Building Materials 44 (2013): 533-540 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.036.
[2] Kaloush, K.E., Witczak, M.W., and Sullivan, B.W. "Simple Performance Test for Permanent Deformation Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures.” 6th RILEM Symposium. (2003). PTEBM'03, Zurich.
[3] Vaitkus, A., GraŠ¾ulytÄ—, J., and KleizienÄ—, R. "Influence of Static and Impact Load on Pavement Performance.” The 9th International Conference Envıronmental Engıneerıng. (22–23 May 2014). Vilnius, Lithuania.
[4] Tayfur, S., Ozen, H., and Aksoy, A. "Investigation of Rutting Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Polymer Modifiers.” Construction and Building Materials 21 (2007): 328-337 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.014.
[5] Khodaii, A., and Mehrara, A. "Evaluation of Permanent Deformation of Unmodified and SBS Modified Asphalt Mixtures Using Dynamic Creep Test.” Construction and Building Materials. 23 (7) (2009): 2586-2592 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.015
[6] Miljkovići, M., and Radenberg, M. "Rutting Mechanisms And Advanced Laboratory Testing of Asphalt Mixtures Resistance Against Permanent Deformation.” Architecture and Civil Engineering 9 (3) (2011): 407–417 doi: 10.2298/FUACE1103407M
[7] Verstraeten, J. "Bituminous Materials with a High Resistance to Flow Rutting.” PIARC Technical Committee on Flexible Roads, (1995) Belgium.
[8] Inzerillo, L., Di Mino, G., Bressi, S., Di Paola, F., and Noto, S. "Image Based Modeling Technique for Pavement Distress Surveys: a Specific Application to Rutting.” International Journal of Engineering and Technology 16 (5) (1995): 1-9.
[9] Topal, A. "Evaluation of the Properties and Microstructure of Plastomeric Polymer Modified Bitumens.” Fuel Processing Technology 91 (2010): 45-51 doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.08.007.
[10] Lu, X., and Isacsson, U. "Rheological Characterization of Styrene–Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer Modified Bitumens”, Construction and Building Materials 11 (1) (1997): 23-32 doi: 10.1016/S0950-0618(96)00033-5.
[11] Bayekolaei, M.D., Naderi, K., and Nejad, F.M. "The Effects of Base Binder and Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene Structure on Rutting Resistance of Polymer– Nanocomposite Asphalt Mixture.” Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 50 (3) (2018): 256-275 doi:10.1177/0095244317714640.
[12] Li, P., Jiang, K., and Li, H. "High-Temperature Stability of Asphalt Mixture with the Influence of Styrene Butadiene Styrene.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 43 (2012): 842 – 848 doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.159.
[13] Cao, W., Liu, S., Li, Y., and Xue, Z. "Rutting-Resistance Performance of SBS and Anti-rutting Additive Composite-Modified Asphalt-Concrete Mixtures.” Journal of Testing and Evaluation 44 (2) (2016): 921-929 doi: 10.1520/JTE20150024.
[14] Alataş, T., and Kizirgil, M.E. "The Effects of Using Styrene – Butadiene - Styrene and Fly Ash together on the Resistance to Moisture-Induced Damage, Permanent Deformation and Fatigue of Hot Mixture Asphalt.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 17 (5) (2013): 1030–1039 doi: 10.1007/s12205-013-0404-z.
[15] Hamidi, H. "Stiffness Modulus and Permanent Deformation Characteristics of Asphalt Mix Containing Gilsonite.” PhD Thesis, Bandung Technology Institute, (1998) India.
[16] Zhong, K., Yang, X., and Luo, S. "Performance Evaluation of Petroleum Bitumen Binders and Mixtures Modified by Natural Rock Asphalt from Xinjiang China.” Construction and Building Materials 154 (2017): 623–631 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.182.
[17] Li, L., He, Z., Liu, W., Jiang J., and Hu C. "Modification Mechanism and Performance of Qingchuan Rock Asphalt – Modified Asphalt.” Journal of Testing and Evaluation. 46 (4) (2018) doi: 10.1520/JTE20160347.
[18] Jahanian, H.R., Shafabakhsh, G.H., and Divandari H. "Performance Evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Containing Bitumen Modified with Gilsonite.” Construction and Building Materials 131 (2017): 156–164 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.069.
[19] Gorkem, C., and Sengoz B. "Predicting Stripping and Moisture Induced Damage of Asphalt Concrete Prepared with Polymer Modified Bitumen and Hydrated Lime.” Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009): 2227-2236 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.12.001.
[20] Al-Tameemi, A.F., Wang, Y., and Albayati, A. "Influence of Hydrated Lime on the Properties and Permanent Deformation of the Asphalt Concrete Layers in Pavement.” Romanıan Journal of Transport Infrastructure. 4 (1) (2015) doi: 10.1515/rjti-2015-0027.
[21] Khan, H.A., and Hussain, A., "Evaluation of Permanent Deformation and Fatigue using Lime Modified Binder.” International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET) 9 (4) (2017): 3420-3426 doi: 10.21817/ijet/2017/v9i4/170904053.
[22] Kok, B.V., and Yilmaz M. "The Effects of Using Lime and Styrene – Butadiene – Styrene on Moisture Sensitivity Resistance of Hot Mix Asphalt.” Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009): 1999-2006 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.08.019.
[23] Yılmaz, M., and Yalçın E. "The Effects of Using Different Bitumen Modifiers and Hydrated Lime together on the Properties of Hot Mix Asphalts.” Road Materials and Pavement Design. 17 (2) (2016): 499-511 doi: 10.1080/14680629.2015.1091376.
[24] Yılmaz, M., Kök, B.V., and Yalcın E. "Investigation of Fatigue Lives of Hot Mix Asphalts Including Various Additives.” Science and Engineering Journal of Fırat University. 29 (2) (2017): 173-183.
[25] Alavi, H.A., Ameri, M., Gandomi, A.H., and Mirzahosseini, M.R. "Formulation of Flow Number of Asphalt Mixes Using a Hybrid Computational Method.” Construction and Building Materials 25 (3) (2011): 1338-1355 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.09.010.
[26] ELE. "Universal Materials Testing Apparatus for Asphalt and Unbound Specimens.” Reference and Operating Manual, ELE International Ltd, (1994) Hertfordshire, UK.
[27] Walubita, L.F., Zhang, J., Alvarez, A.E., and Hi X. "Exploring the Flow Number (FN) Index as a Means to Characterise the HMA Permanent Deformation Response under FN Testing.” Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering 55 (3) (2013): 103-112.
[2] Kaloush, K.E., Witczak, M.W., and Sullivan, B.W. "Simple Performance Test for Permanent Deformation Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures.” 6th RILEM Symposium. (2003). PTEBM'03, Zurich.
[3] Vaitkus, A., GraŠ¾ulytÄ—, J., and KleizienÄ—, R. "Influence of Static and Impact Load on Pavement Performance.” The 9th International Conference Envıronmental Engıneerıng. (22–23 May 2014). Vilnius, Lithuania.
[4] Tayfur, S., Ozen, H., and Aksoy, A. "Investigation of Rutting Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Polymer Modifiers.” Construction and Building Materials 21 (2007): 328-337 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.014.
[5] Khodaii, A., and Mehrara, A. "Evaluation of Permanent Deformation of Unmodified and SBS Modified Asphalt Mixtures Using Dynamic Creep Test.” Construction and Building Materials. 23 (7) (2009): 2586-2592 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.015
[6] Miljkovići, M., and Radenberg, M. "Rutting Mechanisms And Advanced Laboratory Testing of Asphalt Mixtures Resistance Against Permanent Deformation.” Architecture and Civil Engineering 9 (3) (2011): 407–417 doi: 10.2298/FUACE1103407M
[7] Verstraeten, J. "Bituminous Materials with a High Resistance to Flow Rutting.” PIARC Technical Committee on Flexible Roads, (1995) Belgium.
[8] Inzerillo, L., Di Mino, G., Bressi, S., Di Paola, F., and Noto, S. "Image Based Modeling Technique for Pavement Distress Surveys: a Specific Application to Rutting.” International Journal of Engineering and Technology 16 (5) (1995): 1-9.
[9] Topal, A. "Evaluation of the Properties and Microstructure of Plastomeric Polymer Modified Bitumens.” Fuel Processing Technology 91 (2010): 45-51 doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.08.007.
[10] Lu, X., and Isacsson, U. "Rheological Characterization of Styrene–Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer Modified Bitumens”, Construction and Building Materials 11 (1) (1997): 23-32 doi: 10.1016/S0950-0618(96)00033-5.
[11] Bayekolaei, M.D., Naderi, K., and Nejad, F.M. "The Effects of Base Binder and Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene Structure on Rutting Resistance of Polymer– Nanocomposite Asphalt Mixture.” Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 50 (3) (2018): 256-275 doi:10.1177/0095244317714640.
[12] Li, P., Jiang, K., and Li, H. "High-Temperature Stability of Asphalt Mixture with the Influence of Styrene Butadiene Styrene.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 43 (2012): 842 – 848 doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.159.
[13] Cao, W., Liu, S., Li, Y., and Xue, Z. "Rutting-Resistance Performance of SBS and Anti-rutting Additive Composite-Modified Asphalt-Concrete Mixtures.” Journal of Testing and Evaluation 44 (2) (2016): 921-929 doi: 10.1520/JTE20150024.
[14] Alataş, T., and Kizirgil, M.E. "The Effects of Using Styrene – Butadiene - Styrene and Fly Ash together on the Resistance to Moisture-Induced Damage, Permanent Deformation and Fatigue of Hot Mixture Asphalt.” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 17 (5) (2013): 1030–1039 doi: 10.1007/s12205-013-0404-z.
[15] Hamidi, H. "Stiffness Modulus and Permanent Deformation Characteristics of Asphalt Mix Containing Gilsonite.” PhD Thesis, Bandung Technology Institute, (1998) India.
[16] Zhong, K., Yang, X., and Luo, S. "Performance Evaluation of Petroleum Bitumen Binders and Mixtures Modified by Natural Rock Asphalt from Xinjiang China.” Construction and Building Materials 154 (2017): 623–631 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.182.
[17] Li, L., He, Z., Liu, W., Jiang J., and Hu C. "Modification Mechanism and Performance of Qingchuan Rock Asphalt – Modified Asphalt.” Journal of Testing and Evaluation. 46 (4) (2018) doi: 10.1520/JTE20160347.
[18] Jahanian, H.R., Shafabakhsh, G.H., and Divandari H. "Performance Evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Containing Bitumen Modified with Gilsonite.” Construction and Building Materials 131 (2017): 156–164 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.069.
[19] Gorkem, C., and Sengoz B. "Predicting Stripping and Moisture Induced Damage of Asphalt Concrete Prepared with Polymer Modified Bitumen and Hydrated Lime.” Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009): 2227-2236 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.12.001.
[20] Al-Tameemi, A.F., Wang, Y., and Albayati, A. "Influence of Hydrated Lime on the Properties and Permanent Deformation of the Asphalt Concrete Layers in Pavement.” Romanıan Journal of Transport Infrastructure. 4 (1) (2015) doi: 10.1515/rjti-2015-0027.
[21] Khan, H.A., and Hussain, A., "Evaluation of Permanent Deformation and Fatigue using Lime Modified Binder.” International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET) 9 (4) (2017): 3420-3426 doi: 10.21817/ijet/2017/v9i4/170904053.
[22] Kok, B.V., and Yilmaz M. "The Effects of Using Lime and Styrene – Butadiene – Styrene on Moisture Sensitivity Resistance of Hot Mix Asphalt.” Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009): 1999-2006 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.08.019.
[23] Yılmaz, M., and Yalçın E. "The Effects of Using Different Bitumen Modifiers and Hydrated Lime together on the Properties of Hot Mix Asphalts.” Road Materials and Pavement Design. 17 (2) (2016): 499-511 doi: 10.1080/14680629.2015.1091376.
[24] Yılmaz, M., Kök, B.V., and Yalcın E. "Investigation of Fatigue Lives of Hot Mix Asphalts Including Various Additives.” Science and Engineering Journal of Fırat University. 29 (2) (2017): 173-183.
[25] Alavi, H.A., Ameri, M., Gandomi, A.H., and Mirzahosseini, M.R. "Formulation of Flow Number of Asphalt Mixes Using a Hybrid Computational Method.” Construction and Building Materials 25 (3) (2011): 1338-1355 doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.09.010.
[26] ELE. "Universal Materials Testing Apparatus for Asphalt and Unbound Specimens.” Reference and Operating Manual, ELE International Ltd, (1994) Hertfordshire, UK.
[27] Walubita, L.F., Zhang, J., Alvarez, A.E., and Hi X. "Exploring the Flow Number (FN) Index as a Means to Characterise the HMA Permanent Deformation Response under FN Testing.” Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering 55 (3) (2013): 103-112.
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