Development of a Framework for Risk-Based Integrated Safety Audit to Enhance Construction Safety Performance
Vol. 10 No. 3 (2024): March
Research Articles
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Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-03-08
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Nugroho, D. B., Latief, Y., Wibowo, M. A., Arifuddin, R., Lestari, F., & Akram, M. N. (2024). Development of a Framework for Risk-Based Integrated Safety Audit to Enhance Construction Safety Performance. Civil Engineering Journal, 10(3), 779–795. https://doi.org/10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-03-08
[1] Ministry of Finance (2023). The Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. Available online: https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/en/home (accessed on May 2023).
[2] People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia. (2022). Law No. 3 of 2022 about State Capital. People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
[3] Cheng, E. W. l., li, H., Fang, D. P., & Xie, F. (2004). Construction safety management: An exploratory study from China. Construction Innovation, 4(4), 229–241. doi:10.1108/14714170410815114.
[4] Hsu, D. J., Sun, Y. M., Chuang, K. H., Juang, Y. J., & Chang, F. L. (2008). Effect of elevation change on work fatigue and physiological symptoms for high-rise building construction workers. Safety Science, 46(5), 833–843. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2007.01.011.
[5] Pinto, A., Nunes, I. L., & Ribeiro, R. A. (2011). Occupational risk assessment in construction industry - Overview and reflection. Safety Science, 49(5), 616–624. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2011.01.003.
[6] JDIH. (2021). Regulation of Minister of Public Work and Housing Number 10 of 2021: Construction Safety Management System. Ministry of Public Work and Housing of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
[7] Robson, L. S., & Bigelow, P. L. (2010). Measurement properties of occupational health and safety management audits: a systematic literature search and traditional literature synthesis. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 101 Suppl 1, 1-7. doi:10.1007/bf03403844.
[8] Siddiquia, N. A., Madhwala, S., & Nandana, A. (2014). Assessment of Occupational Health, Safety & Environmental Problems in Chemical Industries of Uttarakhand. International Journal on OHS, Fire & Environment-Allied Science, 1(1), 020-022.
[9] FöldeŠ¡iová, D., Korenko, M., Ferancová, M., & Kaplík, P. (2013). Analysis of risk using FMEA. Advanced Materials Research, 801, 81–85. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.801.81.
[10] BS 8800. (2004). Occupational health and safety management systems - Guide. British Standard, London, United Kingdom.
[11] Nugroho, D. B., Latief, Y., Lestari, F., & Machfudiyanto, R. A. (2023). Development of the Knowledge Base Information System for Integrated Risk-Based Audit of High-Rise Buildings through Design-Build Method to Improve Construction Safety. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 13(2), 267–275. doi:10.18280/ijsse.130209.
[12] Szymberski, R. T. (1997). Construction Project Safety Planning. Tappi Journal, 80(11), 69-74.
[13] Hwang, B. G., Shan, M., & Phuah, S. L. (2018). Safety in green building construction projects in Singapore: Performance, critical issues, and improvement solutions. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 22(2), 447–458. doi:10.1007/s12205-017-1961-3.
[14] ILO. (2014). Safety and health in the construction sector – overcoming the challenges. International Labour Organization (ILO), Geneva, Switzerland. Available online: https://www.ilo.org/empent/Eventsandmeetings/WCMS_310993/lang--en/index.htm (accessed on February 2024).
[15] Chiang, Y.-H., Wong, F. K.-W., & Liang, S. (2018). Fatal Construction Accidents in Hong Kong. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 144(3), 4017121. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001433.
[16] Ivascu, L., & Cioca, L. I. (2019). Occupational accidents assessment by field of activity and investigation model for prevention and control. Safety, 5(1), 12. doi:10.3390/safety5010012.
[17] Suraji, A., Duff, A. R., & Peckitt, S. J. (2001). Development of Causal Model of Construction Accident Causation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 127(4), 337–344. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2001)127:4(337).
[18] Behm, M. (2005). Linking construction fatalities to the design for construction safety concept. Safety Science, 43(8), 589–611. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2005.04.002.
[19] Gambatese, J. A. (2008). Research Issues in Prevention through Design. Journal of Safety Research, 39(2), 153–156. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.012.
[20] Vasconcelos, B., & Junior, B. B. (2015). The Causes of Work Place Accidents and their Relation to Construction Equipment Design. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 4392–4399. doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.437.
[21] Tymvios, N., & Gambatese, J. A. (2016). Perceptions about Design for Construction Worker Safety: Viewpoints from Contractors, Designers, and University Facility Owners. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 142(2), 4015078. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001067.
[22] Li, Z. (2010). Highway work zone safety audits for safety improvements. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 17(5), 512–526. doi:10.1108/09699981011074592.
[23] Alruqi, W. M., & Hallowell, M. R. (2019). Critical Success Factors for Construction Safety: Review and Meta-Analysis of Safety Leading Indicators. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 145(3), 4019005. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001626.
[24] Safe Work Australia. (2013). The effectiveness of work health and safety interventions by regulators: A literature review. Safe Work Australia Website, Canberra, Australia. Available online: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/resources-and-publications/reports/effectiveness-work-health-and-safety-interventions-regulators-literature-review (accessed on May 2023).
[25] Wedemeyer, P. D. (2010). A discussion of auditor judgment as the critical component in audit quality- A practitioner's perspective. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 7(4), 320–333. doi:10.1057/jdg.2010.19.
[26] Mourougan, S. (2015). Planning Integrated Management System audit to ensure Conformance, Consistency and Continual Improvement. OSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 17(10), 41-53.
[27] Power, M. (1997). The audit society: Rituals of verification. OUP Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
[28] ISO 19011: 2018. (2018). Guidelines for Auditing Management Systems, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Central Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland.
[29] DPR. (2021). Implementing Regulations for Law Number 28 of 2002 concerning Buildings. Government of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. (In Indonesian).
[30] BPIW. (2020). Regulation of Minister of Public Work and Housing Number 1 of 2020: Standards and Guidelines for Procurement of Integrated Design and Build Construction Work through Suppliers. Ministry of Public Work and Housing of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
[31] Nikulina, M. E., Gorobtsov, D. N., & Pendin, V. V. (2017). Engineering and Geological Audit in Design and Construction of Linear Transport Facilities. Procedia Engineering, 189, 70–74. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.05.012.
[32] Nugroho, D. B., & Latief, Y. (2023). A Conceptual Framework for Knowledge Management of Integrated Design and Construction Phase Audit Process on Infrastructure Project Based on Risk, Using WBS, BIM and Web to Enhance Construction Safety Performance. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 1129-1139. doi:10.46254/na07.20220268.
[33] Mitropoulos, P., Abdelhamid, T. S., & Howell, G. A. (2005). Systems model of construction accident causation. Journal of construction engineering and management, 131(7), 816-825. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2005)131:7(816).
[34] Dorji, K., & Hadikusumo, B. H. (2006). Safety management practices in the Bhutanese construction industry. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 11(2), 53-75.
[35] Jazayeri, E., & Dadi, G. B. (2017). Construction safety management systems and methods of safety performance measurement: A review. Journal of Safety Engineering, 6(2), 15-28.
[36] Sharma, S. K., & Swain, N. (2011). Risk Management in Construction Projects. Asia Pacific Business Review, 7(3), 107–120. doi:10.1177/097324701100700310.
[37] Yiu, N. S. N., Sze, N. N., & Chan, D. W. M. (2018). Implementation of safety management systems in Hong Kong construction industry – A safety practitioner's perspective. Journal of Safety Research, 64, 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2017.12.011.
[38] Yiu, N. S. N., Chan, D. W. M., Shan, M., & Sze, N. N. (2019). Implementation of safety management system in managing construction projects: Benefits and obstacles. Safety Science, 117, 23–32. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2019.03.027.
[39] Barretto, C. R., Drumond, G. M., & Méxas, M. P. (2022). Remote audit in the times of COVID-19: a successful process safety initiative. Brazilian Journal of Operations and Production Management, 19(3), 20221309. doi:10.14488/BJOPM.2021.048.
[40] von der Heyde, A., Brandhorst, S., & Kluge, A. (2015). The impact of safety audit timing and framing of the production outcomes on safety-related rule violations in a simulated production environment. Safety Science, 77, 205–213. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2015.03.021.
[41] Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods. SAGE, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
[42] Clayton, M. J. (1997). Delphi: A technique to harness expert opinion for critical decision-making tasks in education. Educational Psychology, 17(4), 373–386. doi:10.1080/0144341970170401.
[43] Ho, Y. F., & Wang, H. L. (2008). Applying fuzzy Delphi method to select the variables of a sustainable urban system dynamics model. Proceedings of the 26th international conference of system, 20-24 July, 2008, Athens, Greece.
[44] Dewi, A., Latief, Y., & Sagita, L. (2020). Activity and risk identification in audit process on integrated management system to increase performance efficiency of construction services organization in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 426(1), 012014. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/426/1/012014.
[45] Hallowell, M. R., & Gambatese, J. A. (2010). Qualitative Research: Application of the Delphi Method to CEM Research. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 136(1), 99–107. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000137.
[46] Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008–1015. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x.
[47] Wolff, K., Larsen, S., & í˜gaard, T. (2019). How to define and measure risk perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 79, 102759. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2019.102759.
[48] Loewenstein, G. F., Hsee, C. K., Weber, E. U., & Welch, N. (2001). Risk as Feelings. Psychological Bulletin, 127(2), 267–286. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.267.
[49] Slovic, P. (2016). The Perception of Risk. Routledge, London, United Kingdom. doi:10.4324/9781315661773.
[50] Yiu, N. S. N., Chan, D. W. M., Sze, N. N., Shan, M., & Chan, A. P. C. (2019). Implementation of safety management system for improving construction safety performance: A Structural Equation Modelling approach. Buildings, 9(4), 89. doi:10.3390/buildings9040089.
[2] People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia. (2022). Law No. 3 of 2022 about State Capital. People's Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
[3] Cheng, E. W. l., li, H., Fang, D. P., & Xie, F. (2004). Construction safety management: An exploratory study from China. Construction Innovation, 4(4), 229–241. doi:10.1108/14714170410815114.
[4] Hsu, D. J., Sun, Y. M., Chuang, K. H., Juang, Y. J., & Chang, F. L. (2008). Effect of elevation change on work fatigue and physiological symptoms for high-rise building construction workers. Safety Science, 46(5), 833–843. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2007.01.011.
[5] Pinto, A., Nunes, I. L., & Ribeiro, R. A. (2011). Occupational risk assessment in construction industry - Overview and reflection. Safety Science, 49(5), 616–624. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2011.01.003.
[6] JDIH. (2021). Regulation of Minister of Public Work and Housing Number 10 of 2021: Construction Safety Management System. Ministry of Public Work and Housing of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
[7] Robson, L. S., & Bigelow, P. L. (2010). Measurement properties of occupational health and safety management audits: a systematic literature search and traditional literature synthesis. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 101 Suppl 1, 1-7. doi:10.1007/bf03403844.
[8] Siddiquia, N. A., Madhwala, S., & Nandana, A. (2014). Assessment of Occupational Health, Safety & Environmental Problems in Chemical Industries of Uttarakhand. International Journal on OHS, Fire & Environment-Allied Science, 1(1), 020-022.
[9] FöldeŠ¡iová, D., Korenko, M., Ferancová, M., & Kaplík, P. (2013). Analysis of risk using FMEA. Advanced Materials Research, 801, 81–85. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.801.81.
[10] BS 8800. (2004). Occupational health and safety management systems - Guide. British Standard, London, United Kingdom.
[11] Nugroho, D. B., Latief, Y., Lestari, F., & Machfudiyanto, R. A. (2023). Development of the Knowledge Base Information System for Integrated Risk-Based Audit of High-Rise Buildings through Design-Build Method to Improve Construction Safety. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 13(2), 267–275. doi:10.18280/ijsse.130209.
[12] Szymberski, R. T. (1997). Construction Project Safety Planning. Tappi Journal, 80(11), 69-74.
[13] Hwang, B. G., Shan, M., & Phuah, S. L. (2018). Safety in green building construction projects in Singapore: Performance, critical issues, and improvement solutions. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 22(2), 447–458. doi:10.1007/s12205-017-1961-3.
[14] ILO. (2014). Safety and health in the construction sector – overcoming the challenges. International Labour Organization (ILO), Geneva, Switzerland. Available online: https://www.ilo.org/empent/Eventsandmeetings/WCMS_310993/lang--en/index.htm (accessed on February 2024).
[15] Chiang, Y.-H., Wong, F. K.-W., & Liang, S. (2018). Fatal Construction Accidents in Hong Kong. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 144(3), 4017121. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001433.
[16] Ivascu, L., & Cioca, L. I. (2019). Occupational accidents assessment by field of activity and investigation model for prevention and control. Safety, 5(1), 12. doi:10.3390/safety5010012.
[17] Suraji, A., Duff, A. R., & Peckitt, S. J. (2001). Development of Causal Model of Construction Accident Causation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 127(4), 337–344. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2001)127:4(337).
[18] Behm, M. (2005). Linking construction fatalities to the design for construction safety concept. Safety Science, 43(8), 589–611. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2005.04.002.
[19] Gambatese, J. A. (2008). Research Issues in Prevention through Design. Journal of Safety Research, 39(2), 153–156. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.012.
[20] Vasconcelos, B., & Junior, B. B. (2015). The Causes of Work Place Accidents and their Relation to Construction Equipment Design. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 4392–4399. doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.437.
[21] Tymvios, N., & Gambatese, J. A. (2016). Perceptions about Design for Construction Worker Safety: Viewpoints from Contractors, Designers, and University Facility Owners. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 142(2), 4015078. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001067.
[22] Li, Z. (2010). Highway work zone safety audits for safety improvements. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 17(5), 512–526. doi:10.1108/09699981011074592.
[23] Alruqi, W. M., & Hallowell, M. R. (2019). Critical Success Factors for Construction Safety: Review and Meta-Analysis of Safety Leading Indicators. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 145(3), 4019005. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001626.
[24] Safe Work Australia. (2013). The effectiveness of work health and safety interventions by regulators: A literature review. Safe Work Australia Website, Canberra, Australia. Available online: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/resources-and-publications/reports/effectiveness-work-health-and-safety-interventions-regulators-literature-review (accessed on May 2023).
[25] Wedemeyer, P. D. (2010). A discussion of auditor judgment as the critical component in audit quality- A practitioner's perspective. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 7(4), 320–333. doi:10.1057/jdg.2010.19.
[26] Mourougan, S. (2015). Planning Integrated Management System audit to ensure Conformance, Consistency and Continual Improvement. OSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 17(10), 41-53.
[27] Power, M. (1997). The audit society: Rituals of verification. OUP Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
[28] ISO 19011: 2018. (2018). Guidelines for Auditing Management Systems, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Central Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland.
[29] DPR. (2021). Implementing Regulations for Law Number 28 of 2002 concerning Buildings. Government of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. (In Indonesian).
[30] BPIW. (2020). Regulation of Minister of Public Work and Housing Number 1 of 2020: Standards and Guidelines for Procurement of Integrated Design and Build Construction Work through Suppliers. Ministry of Public Work and Housing of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
[31] Nikulina, M. E., Gorobtsov, D. N., & Pendin, V. V. (2017). Engineering and Geological Audit in Design and Construction of Linear Transport Facilities. Procedia Engineering, 189, 70–74. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.05.012.
[32] Nugroho, D. B., & Latief, Y. (2023). A Conceptual Framework for Knowledge Management of Integrated Design and Construction Phase Audit Process on Infrastructure Project Based on Risk, Using WBS, BIM and Web to Enhance Construction Safety Performance. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 1129-1139. doi:10.46254/na07.20220268.
[33] Mitropoulos, P., Abdelhamid, T. S., & Howell, G. A. (2005). Systems model of construction accident causation. Journal of construction engineering and management, 131(7), 816-825. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2005)131:7(816).
[34] Dorji, K., & Hadikusumo, B. H. (2006). Safety management practices in the Bhutanese construction industry. Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 11(2), 53-75.
[35] Jazayeri, E., & Dadi, G. B. (2017). Construction safety management systems and methods of safety performance measurement: A review. Journal of Safety Engineering, 6(2), 15-28.
[36] Sharma, S. K., & Swain, N. (2011). Risk Management in Construction Projects. Asia Pacific Business Review, 7(3), 107–120. doi:10.1177/097324701100700310.
[37] Yiu, N. S. N., Sze, N. N., & Chan, D. W. M. (2018). Implementation of safety management systems in Hong Kong construction industry – A safety practitioner's perspective. Journal of Safety Research, 64, 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2017.12.011.
[38] Yiu, N. S. N., Chan, D. W. M., Shan, M., & Sze, N. N. (2019). Implementation of safety management system in managing construction projects: Benefits and obstacles. Safety Science, 117, 23–32. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2019.03.027.
[39] Barretto, C. R., Drumond, G. M., & Méxas, M. P. (2022). Remote audit in the times of COVID-19: a successful process safety initiative. Brazilian Journal of Operations and Production Management, 19(3), 20221309. doi:10.14488/BJOPM.2021.048.
[40] von der Heyde, A., Brandhorst, S., & Kluge, A. (2015). The impact of safety audit timing and framing of the production outcomes on safety-related rule violations in a simulated production environment. Safety Science, 77, 205–213. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2015.03.021.
[41] Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods. SAGE, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
[42] Clayton, M. J. (1997). Delphi: A technique to harness expert opinion for critical decision-making tasks in education. Educational Psychology, 17(4), 373–386. doi:10.1080/0144341970170401.
[43] Ho, Y. F., & Wang, H. L. (2008). Applying fuzzy Delphi method to select the variables of a sustainable urban system dynamics model. Proceedings of the 26th international conference of system, 20-24 July, 2008, Athens, Greece.
[44] Dewi, A., Latief, Y., & Sagita, L. (2020). Activity and risk identification in audit process on integrated management system to increase performance efficiency of construction services organization in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 426(1), 012014. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/426/1/012014.
[45] Hallowell, M. R., & Gambatese, J. A. (2010). Qualitative Research: Application of the Delphi Method to CEM Research. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 136(1), 99–107. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000137.
[46] Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008–1015. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x.
[47] Wolff, K., Larsen, S., & í˜gaard, T. (2019). How to define and measure risk perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 79, 102759. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2019.102759.
[48] Loewenstein, G. F., Hsee, C. K., Weber, E. U., & Welch, N. (2001). Risk as Feelings. Psychological Bulletin, 127(2), 267–286. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.267.
[49] Slovic, P. (2016). The Perception of Risk. Routledge, London, United Kingdom. doi:10.4324/9781315661773.
[50] Yiu, N. S. N., Chan, D. W. M., Sze, N. N., Shan, M., & Chan, A. P. C. (2019). Implementation of safety management system for improving construction safety performance: A Structural Equation Modelling approach. Buildings, 9(4), 89. doi:10.3390/buildings9040089.
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