Dynamic Identification for Representative Building Typologies: Three Case Studies from Bucharest Area
Vol. 6 No. 3 (2020): March
Research Articles
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The paper presents results from an experimental program implemented for three representative buildings in Bucharest metropolitan area and aimed to explore the potential of various dynamic identification methods in providing information about building state changes. The objective is to establish reference values of potential use in rapid earthquake damage detection systems. Each of the selected buildings was designed according to a different seismic code, in force at the time of its construction. The methods employed for this study were: the analysis of Fourier spectra, the analysis of the transfer function and the random decrement technique. To validate the results, the fundamental periods of vibration determined experimentally were compared with the corresponding values predicted by the empirical formulas specified in the corresponding editions of the Romanian seismic code. The results revealed consistent values for both the fundamental period and the damping ratio of the buildings. However, small variations of the two parameters were identified, depending on the time the recordings were performed, noise sources and levels and building occupancy. The results, in terms of validated data on the dynamic characteristics of Romanian building stock and of assessment of methods performance, add up to the information pool needed for the development of countrywide pre- and post-earthquake assisted decision tools.
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[8] Michel, Clotaire, and Philippe Gueguen. "Time-Frequency Analysis of Small Frequency Variations in Civil Engineering Structures Under Weak and Strong Motions Using a Reassignment Method.” Structural Health Monitoring: An International Journal 9, no. 2 (December 4, 2009): 159–171. doi:10.1177/1475921709352146.
[9] Herak, Marijan, and Davorka Herak. "Continuous Monitoring of Dynamic Parameters of the DGFSM Building (Zagreb, Croatia).” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 8, no. 3 (April 3, 2009): 657–669. doi:10.1007/s10518-009-9112-y.
[10] Salameh, Christelle, Armand Mariscal, Jacques Harb, Pierre-Yves Bard, Bertrand Guillier, Cécile Cornou, and Christophe Voisin. "Dynamic properties of Beirut buildings: Instrumental results from ambient vibrations." Proceedings of the 2nd European conference of earthquake engineering and seismology (2ECEES), Istanbul (2014).
[11] Guillier, Bertrand, Jean-Luc Chatelain, Hugo Perfettini, El Hadi Oubaiche, Christophe Voisin, Rabah Bensalem, Djamel Machane, and Mustapha Hellel. "Building Frequency Fluctuations from Continuous Monitoring of Ambient Vibrations and Their Relationship to Temperature Variations.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 14, no. 8 (April 5, 2016): 2213–2227. doi:10.1007/s10518-016-9901-z.
[12] Guéguen, Philippe, and Alexandru Tiganescu. "Consideration of the Effects of Air Temperature on Structural Health Monitoring through Traffic Light-Based Decision-Making Tools.” Shock and Vibration 2018 (August 29, 2018): 1–12. doi:10.1155/2018/9258675.
[13] Demetriu, S., A. Aldea, and A. Udrea. "Modal parameters of a RC frame structure identified from ambient vibration measurements." Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), Lisbon (2012).
[14] Andone, Cristian, Sorin Demetriu, and Alexandru Aldea. "Dynamic Characteristics of a Tall Building Identified from Earthquake and Ambient Vibration Records.” Mathematical Modelling in Civil Engineering 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 1–9. doi:10.1515/mmce-2015-0015.
[15] Dragomir, C.S., I.-G. Craifaleanu, D. Dobre, and E.S. Georgescu. "An Experimental Investigation on the Health Monitoring of the New City Hall Building in Bucharest Based on Real-Time Data Transmission.” Life-Cycle of Engineering Systems (November 18, 2016): 239–244. doi:10.1201/9781315375175-24.
[16] Dragomir, Claudiu-Sorin, Daniela Dobre, Iolanda-Gabriela Craifaleanu, and Emil-Sever Georgescu. "Ex-ante and ex-post instrumental diagnosis of buildings structural health. An approach at the level of the National Seismic Network, URBAN-INCERC." Scientific Papers-Series E-Land Reclamation Earth Observation & Surveying Environmental Engineering 6 (2017): 77-80.
[17] Cioflan, C. O., M. Radulian, C. Ionescu, S. F. Balan, and B. F. Apostol. "Practical Insights on Seismic Risk Evaluation from Site-Structure Dynamic Behavior Perspective for Bucharest Urban Area." Romanian Journal of Physics 63 (2018): 811.
[18] Bala, Andrei. "Modelling of Seismic Site Amplification Based on In Situ Geophysical Measurements In Bucharest, Romania." Romanian Reports in Physics 65, no. 2 (2013): 495-511.
[19] Bala, A., C. Arion, and A. Aldea. "In Situ Borehole Measurements and Laboratory Measurements As Primary Tools for the Assessment of the Seismic Site Effects." Romanian Reports in Physics 65, no. 1 (2013): 285-298.
[20] Lungu, D., A. Aldea, C. Arion, T. Cornea, and R. Vacareanu. "RISK-UE, WP1: European Distinctive features, inventory database and typology." In Earthquake loss estimation and risk reduction. Contributions form the second international conference on Vrancea earthquakes, Bucharest (2012): 251-271.
[21] Clough, R., and J. Penzien. "Dynamics of Structures, (Revised). Berkeley, CA 94704: Computers and Structures." (2003).
[22] Cole Jr, Henry A. "On-line failure detection and damping measurement of aerospace structures by random decrement signatures." (1973).
[23] Mikael, Ali, Philippe Gueguen, Pierre"Yves Bard, Philippe Roux, and Mickael Langlais. "The Analysis of Long"Term Frequency and Damping Wandering in Buildings Using the Random Decrement Technique.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 103, no. 1 (February 2013): 236–246. doi:10.1785/0120120048.
[24] M.C.Ind. and C.S.E.A.L. "Normativ pentru proiectarea constructiilor civile si industriale din regiuni seismice P. 13–70" (Code for the design of civil and industrial buildings in seismic zones P. 13-70), Ministry of Industrial Construction and State Committee for Economy and Local Administration (M. C. Ind. and C.S.E.A.L), Bucharest (1970). (In Romanian)
[25] I.C.C.P.D.C. "Normativ privind proiectarea antiseismica a constructiilor de locuinte, social-culturale, agozootehnice si industriale P. 100–81" (Code for the seismic design of dwellings, social-cultural, agro- zootechnical and industrial buildings P. 100-81), Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration (M.D.R.A.P.), Bucharest (1981). (In Romanian)
[26] M.D.R.A.P. "Cod de proiectare seismica – partea I –Prevederi de proiectare pentru cladiri P 100-1/2013" (Seismic design code - part I: Design prescriptions for buildings P 100-1/2013), Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration (M.D.R.A.P.), Bucharest (2013). (In Romanian)
[27] Oliveira, C. S., and M. Navarro. "Fundamental Periods of Vibration of RC Buildings in Portugal from in-Situ Experimental and Numerical Techniques.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 8, no. 3 (October 9, 2009): 609–642. doi:10.1007/s10518-009-9162-1.
[28] Ritter, J. R. R., S. F. Balan, K.-P. Bonjer, T. Diehl, T. Forbriger, G. Marmureanu, F. Wenzel, and W. Wirth. "Broadband Urban Seismology in the Bucharest Metropolitan Area.” Seismological Research Letters 76, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 574–580. doi:10.1785/gssrl.76.5.574.
[29] Balan, Stefan Florin, Alexandru Tiganescu, and Bogdan Felix Apostol. "Seismic Monitoring of Structures Subjected to Medium Intensity Earthquakes.” 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018, Science and Technologies in Geology, Exploration and Mining (June 20, 2018). doi:10.5593/sgem2018/1.1/s05.119.
[30] Balan, S. F., J. Bartlakowski, T. Diehl, T. Forbriger, J. Groos, B. Jaskolla, L. Rehor et al. ”Results from the urban seismology (URS) project in Bucharest, Romania.” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Strong Vrancea Earthquakes and Risk Mitigation, Bucharest (2007): 277–283.
[31] Guéguen, Philippe, and Alexandru Tiganescu. "Condition-Based Decision Using Traffic-Light Concept Applied to Civil Engineering Buildings.” Procedia Engineering 199 (2017): 2096–2101. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.481.
[32] Zaharia, Bogdan, Mircea Radulian, Mihaela Popa, Bogdan Grecu, Andrei Bala, and Dragos Tataru. "Estimation of the local response using the Nakamura method for the Bucharest area." Romanian Reports in Physics 60, no. 1 (2008): 131-144.
[33] Bala, A., A. Aldea, D. Hannich, D. Ehret, and V. Raileanu. "Methods to assess the site effects based on in situ measurements in Bucharest City, Romania." Romanian Reports in Physics 61, no. 2 (2009): 335-346.
[2] Gueguen, Philippe, Maria Rosaria Gallipoli, Manuel Navarro, Angelo Masi, Clotaire Michel, Bertrand Guillier, Christos Karakostas et al. "Testing buildings using ambient vibrations for earthquake engineering: a European review.” Proceedings of the 2nd European conference on earthquake engineering and seismology (2ECEES), Istanbul (2014).
[3] Salawu, O.S. "Detection of Structural Damage through Changes in Frequency: A Review.” Engineering Structures 19, no. 9 (September 1997): 718–723. doi:10.1016/s0141-0296(96)00149-6.
[4] Doebling, S. W., C. R. Farrar, and M. B. Prime. "A Summary Review of Vibration-Based Damage Identification Methods.” The Shock and Vibration Digest 30, no. 2 (March 1, 1998): 91–105. doi:10.1177/058310249803000201.
[5] Farrar, Charles R., Scott W. Doebling, and David A. Nix. "Vibration–based Structural Damage Identification.” Edited by N. A. J. Lieven and D. J. Ewins. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 359, no. 1778 (January 15, 2001): 131–149. doi:10.1098/rsta.2000.0717.
[6] Carden, E. Peter, and Paul Fanning. "Vibration Based Condition Monitoring: A Review.” Structural Health Monitoring: An International Journal 3, no. 4 (December 2004): 355–377. doi:10.1177/1475921704047500.
[7] Michel, Clotaire, Philippe Guéguen, and Pierre-Yves Bard. "Dynamic Parameters of Structures Extracted from Ambient Vibration Measurements: An Aid for the Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Existing Buildings in Moderate Seismic Hazard Regions.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 28, no. 8 (August 2008): 593–604. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2007.10.002.
[8] Michel, Clotaire, and Philippe Gueguen. "Time-Frequency Analysis of Small Frequency Variations in Civil Engineering Structures Under Weak and Strong Motions Using a Reassignment Method.” Structural Health Monitoring: An International Journal 9, no. 2 (December 4, 2009): 159–171. doi:10.1177/1475921709352146.
[9] Herak, Marijan, and Davorka Herak. "Continuous Monitoring of Dynamic Parameters of the DGFSM Building (Zagreb, Croatia).” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 8, no. 3 (April 3, 2009): 657–669. doi:10.1007/s10518-009-9112-y.
[10] Salameh, Christelle, Armand Mariscal, Jacques Harb, Pierre-Yves Bard, Bertrand Guillier, Cécile Cornou, and Christophe Voisin. "Dynamic properties of Beirut buildings: Instrumental results from ambient vibrations." Proceedings of the 2nd European conference of earthquake engineering and seismology (2ECEES), Istanbul (2014).
[11] Guillier, Bertrand, Jean-Luc Chatelain, Hugo Perfettini, El Hadi Oubaiche, Christophe Voisin, Rabah Bensalem, Djamel Machane, and Mustapha Hellel. "Building Frequency Fluctuations from Continuous Monitoring of Ambient Vibrations and Their Relationship to Temperature Variations.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 14, no. 8 (April 5, 2016): 2213–2227. doi:10.1007/s10518-016-9901-z.
[12] Guéguen, Philippe, and Alexandru Tiganescu. "Consideration of the Effects of Air Temperature on Structural Health Monitoring through Traffic Light-Based Decision-Making Tools.” Shock and Vibration 2018 (August 29, 2018): 1–12. doi:10.1155/2018/9258675.
[13] Demetriu, S., A. Aldea, and A. Udrea. "Modal parameters of a RC frame structure identified from ambient vibration measurements." Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (15WCEE), Lisbon (2012).
[14] Andone, Cristian, Sorin Demetriu, and Alexandru Aldea. "Dynamic Characteristics of a Tall Building Identified from Earthquake and Ambient Vibration Records.” Mathematical Modelling in Civil Engineering 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 1–9. doi:10.1515/mmce-2015-0015.
[15] Dragomir, C.S., I.-G. Craifaleanu, D. Dobre, and E.S. Georgescu. "An Experimental Investigation on the Health Monitoring of the New City Hall Building in Bucharest Based on Real-Time Data Transmission.” Life-Cycle of Engineering Systems (November 18, 2016): 239–244. doi:10.1201/9781315375175-24.
[16] Dragomir, Claudiu-Sorin, Daniela Dobre, Iolanda-Gabriela Craifaleanu, and Emil-Sever Georgescu. "Ex-ante and ex-post instrumental diagnosis of buildings structural health. An approach at the level of the National Seismic Network, URBAN-INCERC." Scientific Papers-Series E-Land Reclamation Earth Observation & Surveying Environmental Engineering 6 (2017): 77-80.
[17] Cioflan, C. O., M. Radulian, C. Ionescu, S. F. Balan, and B. F. Apostol. "Practical Insights on Seismic Risk Evaluation from Site-Structure Dynamic Behavior Perspective for Bucharest Urban Area." Romanian Journal of Physics 63 (2018): 811.
[18] Bala, Andrei. "Modelling of Seismic Site Amplification Based on In Situ Geophysical Measurements In Bucharest, Romania." Romanian Reports in Physics 65, no. 2 (2013): 495-511.
[19] Bala, A., C. Arion, and A. Aldea. "In Situ Borehole Measurements and Laboratory Measurements As Primary Tools for the Assessment of the Seismic Site Effects." Romanian Reports in Physics 65, no. 1 (2013): 285-298.
[20] Lungu, D., A. Aldea, C. Arion, T. Cornea, and R. Vacareanu. "RISK-UE, WP1: European Distinctive features, inventory database and typology." In Earthquake loss estimation and risk reduction. Contributions form the second international conference on Vrancea earthquakes, Bucharest (2012): 251-271.
[21] Clough, R., and J. Penzien. "Dynamics of Structures, (Revised). Berkeley, CA 94704: Computers and Structures." (2003).
[22] Cole Jr, Henry A. "On-line failure detection and damping measurement of aerospace structures by random decrement signatures." (1973).
[23] Mikael, Ali, Philippe Gueguen, Pierre"Yves Bard, Philippe Roux, and Mickael Langlais. "The Analysis of Long"Term Frequency and Damping Wandering in Buildings Using the Random Decrement Technique.” Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 103, no. 1 (February 2013): 236–246. doi:10.1785/0120120048.
[24] M.C.Ind. and C.S.E.A.L. "Normativ pentru proiectarea constructiilor civile si industriale din regiuni seismice P. 13–70" (Code for the design of civil and industrial buildings in seismic zones P. 13-70), Ministry of Industrial Construction and State Committee for Economy and Local Administration (M. C. Ind. and C.S.E.A.L), Bucharest (1970). (In Romanian)
[25] I.C.C.P.D.C. "Normativ privind proiectarea antiseismica a constructiilor de locuinte, social-culturale, agozootehnice si industriale P. 100–81" (Code for the seismic design of dwellings, social-cultural, agro- zootechnical and industrial buildings P. 100-81), Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration (M.D.R.A.P.), Bucharest (1981). (In Romanian)
[26] M.D.R.A.P. "Cod de proiectare seismica – partea I –Prevederi de proiectare pentru cladiri P 100-1/2013" (Seismic design code - part I: Design prescriptions for buildings P 100-1/2013), Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration (M.D.R.A.P.), Bucharest (2013). (In Romanian)
[27] Oliveira, C. S., and M. Navarro. "Fundamental Periods of Vibration of RC Buildings in Portugal from in-Situ Experimental and Numerical Techniques.” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 8, no. 3 (October 9, 2009): 609–642. doi:10.1007/s10518-009-9162-1.
[28] Ritter, J. R. R., S. F. Balan, K.-P. Bonjer, T. Diehl, T. Forbriger, G. Marmureanu, F. Wenzel, and W. Wirth. "Broadband Urban Seismology in the Bucharest Metropolitan Area.” Seismological Research Letters 76, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 574–580. doi:10.1785/gssrl.76.5.574.
[29] Balan, Stefan Florin, Alexandru Tiganescu, and Bogdan Felix Apostol. "Seismic Monitoring of Structures Subjected to Medium Intensity Earthquakes.” 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018, Science and Technologies in Geology, Exploration and Mining (June 20, 2018). doi:10.5593/sgem2018/1.1/s05.119.
[30] Balan, S. F., J. Bartlakowski, T. Diehl, T. Forbriger, J. Groos, B. Jaskolla, L. Rehor et al. ”Results from the urban seismology (URS) project in Bucharest, Romania.” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Strong Vrancea Earthquakes and Risk Mitigation, Bucharest (2007): 277–283.
[31] Guéguen, Philippe, and Alexandru Tiganescu. "Condition-Based Decision Using Traffic-Light Concept Applied to Civil Engineering Buildings.” Procedia Engineering 199 (2017): 2096–2101. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.481.
[32] Zaharia, Bogdan, Mircea Radulian, Mihaela Popa, Bogdan Grecu, Andrei Bala, and Dragos Tataru. "Estimation of the local response using the Nakamura method for the Bucharest area." Romanian Reports in Physics 60, no. 1 (2008): 131-144.
[33] Bala, A., A. Aldea, D. Hannich, D. Ehret, and V. Raileanu. "Methods to assess the site effects based on in situ measurements in Bucharest City, Romania." Romanian Reports in Physics 61, no. 2 (2009): 335-346.
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