Assessment of Seismic Site Response and Liquefaction Potential for Some Sites using Borelog Data
Vol. 6 No. 11 (2020): November
Research Articles
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Assessment of Liquefaction susceptibility of soil is very important aspect of disaster risk reduction for a particular region. The present research is an investigation to find out the liquefaction capability for the sites of Jalandhar and its surrounding region, Punjab (India) using semi empirical approach of Idris and Boulanger. Initially, the response of Ground has been analyzed with the help of DEEPSOIL software for evaluating the maximum ground acceleration values (PGASUR) at surface using five earthquake motions of magnitude, M = 6.0, 6.8 and 7.3 selected from worldwide recorded database based on seismicity of the region. The investigated PGA values ranges from 0.196 g to 0.292 g for the sites under investigation. Soil's potential against liquefaction for 45 locations has been carried out using PGASUR results so obtained. It has been observed that eighteen sites out of forty-five are found to be susceptible to liquefaction. In order to help structural designers and geotechnical engineers for the preparation of realistic plan towards disaster risk reduction for the region, PGASUR contour map of obtained results and liquefaction hazard maps for earthquake of magnitude 6.0 and 7.0 has been prepared on geographical information system (GIS) platform using QGIS software.
Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091605
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[2] Kumar, Ashok, Himanshu Mittal, B. P. Chamoli, Ajay Gairola, R. S. Jakka, and Amit Srivastava. "Earthquake early warning system for northern India." In 15th symposium on earthquake engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, (2014): 11-13.
[3] Bousbia, Badreddine, and Badreddine Sbartai. "Nonlinear Deterministic Study of Seismic Microzoning of a City in North of Algeria.” Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 8 (August 24, 2019): 1774–1787. doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091370.
[4] Naval, Sanjeev, and Diksha Sharma. "Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for proposed smart city Jalandhar India." Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. 22, no. 12 (2017): 4559-4578.
[5] Nievas, Cecilia I., Julian J. Bommer, Helen Crowley, Jan van Elk, Michail Ntinalexis, and Marialuigia Sangirardi. "A Database of Damaging Small-to-Medium Magnitude Earthquakes.” Journal of Seismology 24, no. 2 (January 9, 2020): 263–292. doi:10.1007/s10950-019-09897-0.
[6] Burman, A., R. Gautam, and D. Maity. "DSHA Based Estimation of Peak Ground Acceleration for Madhubani and Supaul Districts Near Bihar–Nepal Region.” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 38, no. 2 (October 18, 2019): 1255–1275. doi:10.1007/s10706-019-01086-7.
[7] A. K. Shukla, "Liquefaction study in NCT Delhi: A Case Study," in National Workshop on Assessment & Mitigation of Liquefaction Hazards for Seismic Microzonation, IIT Roorkee, (2015).
[8] Güllü, Hamza, and Handren Salih Jaf. "Full 3D Nonlinear Time History Analysis of Dynamic Soil–structure Interaction for a Historical Masonry Arch Bridge.” Environmental Earth Sciences 75, no. 21 (November 2016). doi:10.1007/s12665-016-6230-0.
[9] Kolathayar, Sreevalsa, T G Sitharam, and K S Vipin. "Deterministic Seismic Hazard Macrozonation of India.” Journal of Earth System Science 121, no. 5 (October 2012): 1351–1364. doi:10.1007/s12040-012-0227-1.
[10] Youd, T. Leslie, and David M. Perkins. "Mapping liquefaction-induced ground failure potential." Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division 104, no. 4 (1978): 433-446.
[11] Perkins, Jeanne B. "The real dirt on liquefaction: a guide to the liquefaction hazard in future earthquakes affecting the San Francisco Bay Area.” Association of Bay Area Governments, (2001).
[12] Bandaru, Usha Sai, and Venkata Rama Subba Rao Godavarthi. "Seismic Liquefaction Potential Assessment of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.” Journal of Earth System Science 129, no. 1 (June 23, 2020). doi:10.1007/s12040-020-01403-2.
[13] Satyam, D. Neelima, and K. S. Rao. "Liquefaction Hazard Assessment Using SPT and VS for Two Cities in India.” Indian Geotechnical Journal 44, no. 4 (January 26, 2014): 468–479. doi:10.1007/s40098-014-0098-2.
[14] Seed, Harry Bolton, and Izzat M. Idriss. "Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential." Journal of Soil Mechanics & Foundations Div (1971).
[15] Tint, Zar Lee, Nyan Myint Kyaw, and Kyaw Kyaw. "Development of soil distribution and liquefaction potential maps for downtown area in Yangon, Myanmar." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 3 (2018): 689-701.
[16] Federal Emergency Management Agency. NEHRP recommended provisions for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures. FEMA, (2003).
[17] Bhutani, Manish, and Sanjeev Naval. "Preliminary Amplification Studies of Some Sites Using Different Earthquake Motions.” Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1906–1921. doi:10.28991/cej-2020-03091591.
[18] Central Ground Water Report (CGWB, 2010). Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India.
[19] Directorate of Census Operation Punjab, State Disaster Management Plan, Department of Revenue Rehabilitation and Disaster Management, Punjab, Flood Report (2011).
[20] P. Anbazhagan and K. Bajaj, "Site Response Study of a Deep Basin Contagious to Active Region- An Application to Punjab-Haryana Region," Indian Geotechnical Conference (December2017): 1-4.
[21] Thitimakorn, Thanop, and Thanabodi Raenak. "NEHRP Site Classification and Preliminary Soil Amplification Maps of Lamphun City, Northern Thailand.” Open Geosciences 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2016). doi:10.1515/geo-2016-0046.
[22] Kramer, Steven Lawrence. Geotechnical earthquake engineering. Prentice-Hall International Series in Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, (1996): 653.
[23] Hashash, M. A. Y, Musgrove, I. M, Harmon, A. J, Groholski, R. D, Philips, A. C and D. Park, "Deepsoil-1-D Wave Propagation Analysis Programme”, vol. 6.1, Urbana: University of Illinois, (2016): 1-129.
[24] Mahmood, Khalid, Sher Afzal Khan, Qaiser Iqbal, Fazli Karim, and Shahid Iqbal. "Equivalent Linear and Nonlinear Site-Specific Ground Response Analysis of Pashto Cultural Museum Peshawar, Pakistan.” Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering (January 13, 2020). doi:10.1007/s40996-020-00346-4.
[25] M. Darendeli, "Development of a new family of normalized modulus reduction and material damping curves," Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA, (2001).
[26] Anbazhagan, P., Aditya Parihar, and H.N. Rashmi. "Review of Correlations Between SPT N and Shear Modulus: A New Correlation Applicable to Any Region.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 36 (May 2012): 52–69. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.01.005.
[27] Bommer, Julian J., and Ana Beatriz Acevedo. "The Use of Real Earthquake Accelerograms as Input to Dynamic Analysis.” Journal of Earthquake Engineering 8, no. sup001 (January 2004): 43–91. doi:10.1080/13632460409350521.
[28] Parihar, Aditya, and P. Anbazhagan. "Site Response Study and Amplification Factor for Shallow Bedrock Sites.” Indian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 5 (January 24, 2020): 726–738. doi:10.1007/s40098-020-00410-w.
[29] Hashash and M. A. Youssef, "Nonlinear and Equivalent Linear Seismic Site Response of One-Dimensional Soil Columns," Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2016.
[30] Mir, Ramees R., and Imtiyaz A. Parvez. "Ground Motion Modelling in Northwestern Himalaya Using Stochastic Finite-Fault Method.” Natural Hazards 103, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 1989–2007. doi:10.1007/s11069-020-04068-8.
[31] Idriss, I.M., and R.W. Boulanger. "Semi-Empirical Procedures for Evaluating Liquefaction Potential During Earthquakes.” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 26, no. 2–4 (February 2006): 115–130. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.11.023.
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